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Research Fellow Mónica Trujillo argues that forests and biodiversity must become a cornerstone of global climate action, noting that current international climate finance—at only 4% for forests—does not reflect their importance. The author calls for a shift toward measurable goals, binding actions, and a transformation of consumption patterns in high-income countries to support a sustainable bioeconomy.

This executive summary, published by the Climate Policy Initiative and Climate Bonds Initiative in December 2025, provides a framework of best-practice measures for incorporating methane abatement into sustainable finance taxonomies. It identifies critical gaps in current taxonomies and proposes science-based, investable criteria across four high-potential sectors: energy, agriculture, solid waste, and wastewater.

This research paper analyzes the potential for African countries to finance climate mitigation and adaptation by redirecting explicit fossil fuel subsidies (EFFS) and increasing environmental taxes. While these domestic fiscal tools can contribute approximately 1.7% and 1.1% of Africa's GDP respectively, the author concludes they are insufficient to close the continent's overall climate finance gap of 5–10% of GDP. The paper recommends establishing independent fuel reserve authorities to stabilize prices and adopting gradual subsidy withdrawal strategies to avoid social unrest and inflation.

This research paper by the Africa Policy Research Institute critically examines the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), arguing that its perceived success in promoting democracy was based on a narrow focus on elections while ignoring broader governance failures. The author contends that ECOWAS's tendency to defer to the interests of heads of state has led to a loss of legitimacy among citizens, contributing to a wave of coups since 2020 and the subsequent formation of the Alliance of Sahel States (AES).

This policy brief by RMI outlines five strategic areas for action to decarbonize the ammonia fertilizer supply chain in Brazil, aiming to transition the country from a fertilizer importer to a global leader in sustainable production.

This research paper argues that South Africa should continue to prioritise the financial and debt challenges facing Africa following the conclusion of its 2025 G20 presidency. The author highlights a 'vicious cycle' where debt obligations and climate impacts undermine sustainable development goals, and proposes three specific actions—a technical report on finance barriers, the creation of an African Borrower's Club, and a review of IMF operating principles—to address these systemic issues.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative and the Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero examines the critical role of equity and catalytic equity in closing the clean energy investment gap in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) to reach net zero goals by 2035.

A joint statement from civil society organizations across more than 14 countries in Asia and the Pacific calling for the integration of rights-based transition mineral governance into the COP30 outcomes in Belém, Brazil.

An open letter released on November 12, 2025, during COP30 in Belém, urging national government delegations to adopt a mandatory decision to uphold information integrity on climate change to counter disinformation campaigns primarily funded by the fossil fuel industry.

This research paper argues that the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) must align its pursuit of economic structural transformation with economic sovereignty to regain credibility among its citizens. It highlights the region's potential to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) in critical minerals and renewable energy while warning that overdependence on external funding and fragmented infrastructure hinder sustainable growth.

This report by Ember analyzes the economic and environmental consequences of Indonesia's coal over-expansion. It finds that while production hit record highs in 2024, shrinking demand from major importers like China and India, coupled with rising production costs, is eroding company profits and state revenues. Additionally, the report highlights a significant underreporting of coal mine methane (CMM) emissions, which are projected to increase by 25% by 2030 due to the expansion of underground mining.

The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) submitted a contribution to the OECD's public consultation on aligning investment agreements with climate and environmental goals, proposing reforms to investor transparency, responsible business conduct, and the removal of barriers to green investment.

This policy brief from the African Center for Economic Transformation (ACET) argues for the strategic use of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) to accelerate green industrialization in Africa, specifically through energy data exchange to optimize renewable energy distribution.

This report analyzes 32 Air Service Agreements (ASAs) among COFFIS member states to identify legal pathways for implementing aviation fuel taxes to support climate targets and fuel efficiency.

This report provides a comparative analysis of global electricity tariff-setting methodologies, focusing on the process of determining revenue requirements and conducting Cost of Supply (CoS) studies. It examines various regulatory models—including rate-of-return, incentive-based, performance-based, and market-based pricing—and evaluates their effectiveness in balancing financial sustainability for utilities with affordability for consumers. The document concludes with specific recommendations for South Africa to modernize its tariff structures and revenue determination processes as it transitions toward a wholesale electricity market.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines how Colombia can redesign its renewable energy auctions to foster a just and inclusive energy transition. It proposes integrating non-price socioeconomic criteria and specific mechanisms to support community energy projects, moving away from previous auction models that focused exclusively on price and led to social conflicts and project delays.

This briefing describes the 'Wetlands in Sápmi' project, which uses participatory topological mapping (PTM) to integrate Indigenous knowledge from forest Sámi reindeer herders with conventional research to understand the role of Arctic wetlands in social-ecological systems.

This research paper argues that African nations must transition from fragmented national negotiations to a coordinated regional approach to trade diplomacy regarding green critical minerals. By leveraging the Africa Green Minerals Strategy (AGMS), the authors suggest that the continent can move beyond raw material extraction toward green industrialization and value addition, utilizing a collective negotiating framework to increase leverage against competing global powers.

This report by Ember argues that India should avoid overbuilding coal capacity and instead focus on improving the flexibility of existing coal plants and expanding energy storage to integrate renewable energy.

This policy brief by the South African Institute of International Affairs outlines priorities for Africa's adaptation finance under the South African G20 presidency. It highlights a severe funding gap, where Africa requires $187–359 billion annually but faces an 80% shortfall in adaptation investment. The document advocates for a shift from debt-creating loans to grant-based and concessional finance, leveraging G20 working groups and MDB reforms to support National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and locally led adaptation.