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This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute evaluates whether the Stern Review underestimated climate damages for the United States and the world. By revising parameters in the PAGE2002 model—specifically regarding adaptation, catastrophic risk, and the damage function—the authors argue that business-as-usual damages in 2100 could be significantly higher than the Stern Review's estimates, rising from 2.2 percent of global GDP to 10.8 percent.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies assesses the progress and challenges of the Pan-African Parliament (PAP) during its first term (2004–2009). The author argues that the PAP is an institutionally weak body due to its premature establishment, which bypassed the gradual integration stages outlined in the 1991 Abuja Treaty. Consequently, the PAP lacks legislative, budgetary, and supervisory powers, operating only as a consultative and advisory body with limited influence over the African Union (AU) executive.

This report, prepared by the FiFo Institute of Public Economics for the Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), tests a proposed standardized notification template for subsidies to be used by World Trade Organization (WTO) Members. Using Germany as a case study, the authors demonstrate a significant discrepancy between official WTO notifications and the actual volume of specific subsidies granted by the federal government and the sixteen Länder (states). The report proposes technical improvements to the notification process, including a unique subsidy identifier, to increase transparency and compliance with the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM).

This report by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) examines the domestic implementation of the Rome Statute in five African countries: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. It finds that while these states ratified the statute, none had enacted implementing legislation by early 2008, leaving them unable to fully respond to International Criminal Court (ICC) requests for arrest and surrender or to prosecute international crimes domestically. The report identifies systemic barriers, including a lack of political priority, capacity shortfalls in legal drafting, and concerns over official immunities.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law analyzes the gap between the proposed World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) framework for the protection of traditional knowledge (TK) and the actual demands of indigenous and local communities. It argues that the current IGC process is too anchored in existing intellectual property (IP) systems, which communities view as tools for misappropriation, and fails to adequately recognize customary laws and the right to self-determination.

This research paper evaluates the Ecological Footprint of various diets and food production methods, specifically comparing average UK consumption with nutritionally recommended diets. Using the REAP software tool and input-output analysis, the study finds that shifting toward healthy, plant-based, local, and organic diets can significantly reduce environmental pressure while improving public health outcomes.

This report analyzes public opinion surveys from Idasa and Afrobarometer conducted in South Africa since 1994 to compare citizen experiences of crime and policing against official statistics. While public perceptions of overall safety and government performance in fighting crime have improved since 2000, trust in the South African Police Service (SAPS) is undermined by high perceived and actual levels of corruption and poor user-friendliness.

This report, prepared by the Stockholm Environment Institute Tallinn Centre for the Estonian Ministry of the Environment, examines the results of Ecological Tax Reforms (ETR) in selected European Union countries, specifically Denmark, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Sweden. It analyzes how shifting the tax burden from labour to consumption and resource use can simultaneously improve environmental quality, reduce unemployment, and increase economic competitiveness. The document provides detailed case studies of these four nations and offers specific policy recommendations for implementing a similar green tax reform in Estonia.

This briefing proposes 'action targets' as a method for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission commitments. Unlike fixed or intensity targets, action targets require an entity to reduce emissions by an agreed percentage of its actual emissions during a commitment period, providing greater predictability regarding the 'level of effort' required regardless of economic growth scenarios.

The 2003 National Victims of Crime Survey in South Africa, conducted by the Institute for Security Studies, provides a comprehensive analysis of crime levels, public perceptions of safety, and the performance of the criminal justice system. The survey indicates a slight decline in overall victimisation rates compared to 1998, though housebreaking increased. It highlights a significant gap between public perceptions—which often overestimate the prevalence of violent crime—and the reality of non-violent property crime. The report also documents widespread petty corruption, declining feelings of safety, and a reliance on state protection despite mixed views on police and court performance.

This research paper examines the political economy of land reform in Zimbabwe, Namibia, and Mozambique, focusing on the legacies of settler colonialism and the challenges of redistributing land to rural populations. It analyzes the different strategies employed by each nation—ranging from Zimbabwe's 'fast track' land invasions and Namibia's 'willing-seller' model to Mozambique's hybrid legal system—and discusses the regional economic implications of these policies, including their impact on foreign investment and trade within the Southern African Development Community (SADC).

This fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute examines the debate over U.S. air conditioner efficiency standards, specifically comparing the SEER 13 standard established by the Clinton Administration with a proposed rollback to SEER 12 by the Bush Administration. It details the projected energy savings, emission reductions, and economic impacts associated with both standards.

This research paper analyzes the 2002 multiparty elections in Zimbabwe, Lesotho, and Zambia, evaluating the democratic processes, legal frameworks, and the role of electoral commissions in the SADC region.

This report by the South African Institute of International Affairs analyses the observations of six domestic, regional, and international missions regarding the 2002 Zimbabwe presidential election. It examines the legislative framework, the political environment, and the conduct of the polling and counting processes, highlighting significant discrepancies in how different observer groups weighted evidence of violence and transparency to reach their final conclusions on the election's legitimacy.

This research paper by the Center for International Environmental Law surveys compliance information and response systems across various multilateral agreements to provide lessons for policy makers designing the Kyoto Protocol's compliance mechanisms. It analyzes how different regimes handle reporting, review, initiation of non-compliance procedures, determination of violations, and the application of facilitative or punitive response measures.

A statement by Amory B. Lovins and L. Hunter Lovins critiquing the shift from traditional botany to 'genetic engineering' (transgenics), arguing that the latter prioritizes economic profit and patentability over ecological safety and biological wisdom.

This report examines the proliferation of small arms and light weapons in the Southern Cone of South America, specifically within the Mercosur countries (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay). It analyzes how the transition from military rule to democracy, combined with regional economic integration, inadvertently facilitated the flow of weapons to criminal organizations. The document provides detailed case studies on the 'culture of violence' in Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro, highlighting the roles of drug trafficking, police corruption, and socio-economic instability in driving the demand for firearms.

This report presents the results of a victimisation survey conducted in July 1997 in Johannesburg, South Africa. It aims to provide a more accurate picture of crime levels and the nature of victimisation than official police statistics, highlighting the disproportionate impact of violent crime on African residents and the widespread dissatisfaction with police services.

This case study examines the integration of lean manufacturing principles with environmental management at Honda of America Manufacturing, Inc. (HAM), specifically focusing on its Ohio-based plants. It explores how Honda's 'localization' policy and lean philosophy—emphasizing waste reduction, employee empowerment, and continuous improvement—contribute to environmental performance and the company's pursuit of ISO 14000 certification, while comparing these practices to those of its competitor, Toyota.

This teaching note describes a case study on Honda of America Manufacturing, Inc., focusing on the tension between lean manufacturing goals—productivity and high quality—and environmental responsibility at its Ohio plants. It examines how Honda's localized management approach contrasts with Toyota's centralized global strategy and analyzes the complementarities and trade-offs between lean production and environmental performance.