Akekho Oshiywa Ngemuva – Okwenza imali engenayo eyisisekelo etholwa yiwo wonke umuntu ngokulinganayo ibe nengqondo kakhulu ukudlula izibonelelo eziqondiswe kwabathile kuphela

The document compares Universal Basic Income Guarantees (UBIG) with targeted social assistance, asserting that targeted systems often fail to reach the intended poor due to administrative complexity and high exclusion rates. It suggests that a UBIG, provided as a right to all adults of working age, reduces administrative burdens, promotes social cohesion, and is more effective at reducing poverty than high-value targeted grants. For South Africa, the author recommends a transition starting with those in greatest need and expanding to all working-age adults, supported by progressive taxation to ensure the wealthy contribute.

• Targeted social assistance programs frequently fail to reach the most vulnerable populations due to administrative barriers, such as complex application systems, lack of government data, and the volatility of the South African labor market.
• Research on 25 targeted income support initiatives shows extreme exclusion errors, with 12 programs excluding over 70% of the target group and 5 programs excluding over 90%; no program had an exclusion error below 40%.
• A UBIG is more effective at reducing poverty than a high-value targeted grant because it allows multiple adults in low-income households to pool their resources, a practice reported by 88% of Social Relief of Distress (SRD) grant recipients.
• Universal provision reduces government administrative costs by eliminating the need for expensive and time-consuming means-testing and monitoring of eligibility.
• Targeted grants can damage social cohesion by creating divisions and stigma, whereas a universal grant reinforces the right to basic needs and community solidarity.

APA

Institute for Economic Justice (2023). Akekho Oshiywa Ngemuva – Okwenza imali engenayo eyisisekelo etholwa yiwo wonke umuntu ngokulinganayo ibe nengqondo kakhulu ukudlula izibonelelo eziqondiswe kwabathile kuphela. https://iej.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/IEJ-UBIG-2-factsheet-isiZulu.pdf

Chicago

Institute for Economic Justice. Akekho Oshiywa Ngemuva – Okwenza imali engenayo eyisisekelo etholwa yiwo wonke umuntu ngokulinganayo ibe nengqondo kakhulu ukudlula izibonelelo eziqondiswe kwabathile kuphela. 2023. https://iej.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/IEJ-UBIG-2-factsheet-isiZulu.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Institute for Economic Justice |title=Akekho Oshiywa Ngemuva – Okwenza imali engenayo eyisisekelo etholwa yiwo wonke umuntu ngokulinganayo ibe nengqondo kakhulu ukudlula izibonelelo eziqondiswe kwabathile kuphela |date=November 2023 |url=https://iej.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/IEJ-UBIG-2-factsheet-isiZulu.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{instituteforeconomicjustice2023akekho, author = {{Institute for Economic Justice}}, title = {{Akekho Oshiywa Ngemuva – Okwenza imali engenayo eyisisekelo etholwa yiwo wonke umuntu ngokulinganayo ibe nengqondo kakhulu ukudlula izibonelelo eziqondiswe kwabathile kuphela}}, institution = {Institute for Economic Justice}, year = {2023}, month = nov, url = {https://iej.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/IEJ-UBIG-2-factsheet-isiZulu.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }