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The document highlights that just 1% of Indonesia's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 1,982 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's projected 2050 electricity demand of 936,986 GWh. It argues that this technology could replace all coal and gas in electricity production, reducing emissions by approximately 240 megatonnes of CO2eq, while requiring significantly less land than solar, wind, or biomass. The report suggests Indonesia can leverage its existing conventional geothermal expertise to transition to this emerging technology, which could also foster socio-economic development and improve air quality.

This document consists of the heads of argument filed on 17 June 2020 by four applicants (including the Mpukunyoni Traditional Council and labor unions) seeking admission as amicus curiae in an appeal before the Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa. The applicants argue against a proposed interim interdict that would stop the mining operations of Tendele Coal Mining (Pty) Ltd, asserting that such a closure would cause disastrous socio-economic harm to the local community and the South African ferrochrome industry.

This legal document, submitted by the Centre for Environmental Rights (CER) on behalf of a Coalition, challenges the rezoning of the Yzermyn 96 HT farm from agricultural to mining purposes. The document details the environmental sensitivity of the Wakkerstroom area, the potential for irreparable harm to water resources and biodiversity, and the limited socio-economic benefits of the proposed Atha coal mine compared to the risks to local subsistence farmers and the eco-tourism economy.

This 2019 Phase 1 Initial Impact Assessment, produced by the Department of Environment Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF) for the South African Presidency's Socio-Economic Impact Assessment System (SEIAS), evaluates the need for regulations to enforce Air Quality Management Plans (AQMPs) in three priority areas. The document identifies a failure to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) due to ineffective AQMP implementation and a lack of accountability for non-industrial stakeholders.

The report details how over 500,000 tonnes of fish are diverted annually from West African coastal communities to produce FMFO for European and Asian aquaculture and livestock. It identifies Mauritania as the primary exporter, with a significant portion of its fish oil destined for the EU, particularly France and Denmark. The document links this trade to major European aquafeed companies and retailers, while highlighting the severe socio-economic impacts on local artisanal fishermen and women processors.

The report evaluates Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCfDs) as a financial instrument to reduce carbon-price risk for industrial companies in Germany, specifically within the steel, cement, and ammonia sectors. It finds that CCfDs can trigger investments in clean technologies at lower expected carbon prices than minimum carbon price schemes and can significantly reduce the net present value of government funding. The analysis suggests that combining CCfDs with other risk-reducing instruments, such as contracts for difference for renewable electricity, further lowers the necessary strike price. The report also discusses award mechanisms, arguing that negotiations may be superior to auctions for complex innovative projects to avoid 'low-balling' strategies and overcompensation.

The document evaluates two policy instruments designed to transition the European basic materials sector to net zero by 2050. Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCfDs) are presented as a way to reduce investment risk and government costs by guaranteeing a fixed carbon price for low-carbon projects. The Climate Contribution is proposed as a weight-based charge on materials (like steel and cement) to ensure a consistent carbon price signal while maintaining carbon leakage protection. The analysis suggests that CCfDs can lower the required carbon price for investment and that the Climate Contribution could generate approximately EUR 17-21 billion in annual EU revenues with minimal, progressive impacts on household consumption in Germany and Poland.

The report evaluates Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCfDs) and a Climate Contribution as tools for decarbonising the basic materials sector in Germany and Poland. CCfDs act as hedging instruments that lower the carbon price threshold required for clean technology investments and reduce the net present value of government funding. The Climate Contribution, a weight-based charge on materials, is estimated to generate EUR 17-21 billion in EU-wide revenues while remaining progressive and having a minimal impact (below 0.5%) on household consumption expenditures.

The Augures! project's 2023/2024 results evaluate the accuracy of seasonal weather forecasts and their ability to predict crop yields and economic impacts. Findings indicate that temperature anomalies are most accurately predicted in Southeastern Europe during summer months, while wheat and maize yields in Greece can be forecast 3-4 and 2 months in advance, respectively. The report emphasizes that extreme weather events cannot be predicted months in advance, necessitating investment in disaster preparedness, and calls for better farm management data to improve socio-economic impact predictions regarding poverty and food security.

The YEG pilot project provided approximately $1,200 in grants and a smartphone to over 1,000 youth (aged 18-35) in Mathare, Nairobi, to encourage business investment. Findings show a significant shift from casual labour to self-employment, with the proportion of self-employed recipients increasing from 37% to 79%. While smartphones were critical for market access and business operations via social media and M-PESA, the project noted high device attrition due to theft and loss. The study concludes that unconditional cash transfers via mobile money are highly feasible and effective for urban youth, though long-term success is often hindered by external shocks and a lack of basic services rather than a lack of business skills.

The report identifies significant gaps in the governance of the Cabora Bassa oil and gas project in Zimbabwe, noting that consultations have primarily targeted political and traditional leaders rather than the broader community. It highlights extreme poverty, acute climate vulnerability, and collapsed infrastructure in Mbire and Muzarabani districts, warning that current employment patterns are driven by political affiliation and nepotism. The authors argue for the institutionalization of continuous community engagement, transparent benefit-sharing, and strategic investment in climate adaptation and essential services to avoid repeating historical patterns of extractive wealth failing to benefit local populations.

The document examines the dual nature of artisanal small-scale mining in Ghana, noting that while it supports approximately one million people and contributes over 30% of gold exports, it is characterized by high informality and severe environmental degradation. Over 70% of miners are unlicensed, often due to licensing delays, leading to a lack of adherence to environmental standards. The brief argues that the state's current combative posture should be replaced by a formalization strategy involving the creation of cooperatives, decentralized permitting, and the enforcement of environmental reclamation laws to balance livelihood needs with ecological protection.

The report examines the 'New Copperbelt' in Zambia's Northwestern Province, highlighting a significant gap between the country's strong formal mining laws and their practical implementation. While large-scale investments from companies like First Quantum Minerals and Barrick Gold drive economic growth, they have also caused heavy metal contamination in rivers and exacerbated social inequalities. The document finds that community engagement often lacks meaningful consent, and the benefits of mining are unevenly distributed, with women and girls facing disproportionate burdens including increased unpaid labour and gender-based violence.

The report examines the tension between the economic benefits of small-scale mining (ASM) and its severe environmental and social costs in Ghana. While ASM provides livelihoods for approximately one million people and supports community infrastructure, the majority operate illegally as 'galamsey' due to bureaucratic licensing hurdles. The research highlights extreme environmental degradation, including river pollution and deforestation, often exacerbated by mechanized operations introduced by foreign nationals. It argues against a blanket ban, suggesting instead a decentralized, cooperative-based formalization process supported by a special environmental tax and improved state monitoring.

The assessment finds that the proposed MRT system in Pampanga, consisting of four bus rapid transit lines and one light rail transit line, provides significant societal value. While traditional benefit-to-cost ratios (BCR) suggest the project is not investment-worthy at 0.62 or 0.63, the sustainable BCR (S-BCR) is 1.72. Over a 30-year period from 2023 to 2053, the project is estimated to generate a cumulative discounted net benefit of PHP 360.3 million (USD 6,402 million). The most significant impacts are the avoided costs of traffic accidents (PHP 239.7 million), time savings (PHP 182,367 million), and avoided vehicle operating costs (PHP 109,988 million).

The document analyzes how the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated structural inequalities in Latin America, specifically affecting women's labor participation and health, the vulnerability of indigenous populations regarding food security and healthcare, and the slow integration of green jobs into economic recovery plans. It provides detailed case studies for Mexico, Chile, and Colombia, highlighting gaps in public spending and the need for intersectional policies, improved data collection, and a transition toward a sustainable, low-carbon economy that ensures decent work and social justice.

The document critiques Indonesia's energy policies for prioritizing coal-fired power plants (PLTU) despite escalating climate disasters and socio-economic losses. It highlights the filing of two lawsuits at the Jakarta Administrative Court (PTUN Jakarta) by environmental organizations and affected citizens to challenge the RUKN 2025-2060 and RUPTL 2025-2034, arguing that these plans extend the life of fossil fuel infrastructure and ignore the health and economic impacts on local communities.

The report argues that biomass co-firing in East Java is plagued by economic failure, ecological damage, and illegal practices. It finds that Perum Perhutani's energy plantation forests (HTE) have caused significant economic losses for local farmers and are financially unviable for the company. Furthermore, it reveals that PLTU Paiton relies on sawdust from illegal sawmills, often involving stolen timber, and that some suppliers manipulate biomass weight by adding water with the complicity of plant officials. The report also notes that major wood pellet exporters, such as PT Kaliandra Merah Nusantara, primarily export to South Korea rather than supplying domestic power plants.

Between 2010 and 2017, USAID-funded projects in Nepal's Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA) provided livelihood benefits to all 1,257 households in the region. Key interventions included adaptive irrigation, which increased annual agricultural revenue by over USD 400,000, and greenhouse farming, which increased annual incomes by USD 18,000 for 199 households. Additionally, 34% of households adopted improved cookstoves, saving over 280 truckloads of firewood annually, and 50% of the population benefited from improved pasture management.

The document outlines a proposal to ban four unnecessary plastic products by 2025 and phase out six others by 2030 in South Africa. A macroeconomic model indicates that these interventions would lead to positive outcomes in real GDP, employment, and wages compared to a business-as-usual scenario, despite a slight increase in greenhouse gas emissions. The report advocates for the South African government to support these measures in the negotiations for a global treaty to end plastic pollution.