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This research paper examines whether climate change-related expenditures are appearing in the national budgets of Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda to support the implementation of their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The author finds that while some budget projections show increasing resources for key ministries, there is a significant discrepancy between these estimates and actual spending, and many NDC-related projects remain heavily dependent on international donor support.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute analyses international public climate finance flows to Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) between 2010 and 2015. Using OECD Creditor Reporting System (CRS) data, the study examines the volume, sources, sectoral distribution, and delivery mechanisms of funds primarily targeting climate change, highlighting significant gaps between commitments and actual disbursements.

This fact sheet describes the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) program for implementing minimum energy and water efficiency standards for appliances and equipment under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975. It details the economic, environmental, and technological benefits of these standards, the role of voluntary programs like ENERGY STAR, and the impact of regional standards on heating and cooling products.

This policy brief describes the India-UK partnership on energy efficiency and green growth, highlighting how UK expertise supported the deployment of energy-efficient solutions and the development of investment strategies in India.

The China Green Bond Market Mid Year Report 2017 details the growth and diversification of China's green bond market in the first half of 2017, highlighting a total issuance of USD 11.52bn and a shift toward non-bank issuers. The report outlines various policy updates, the emergence of green municipal bonds, and the alignment of Chinese bonds with international standards.

The China Green Bond Market Mid Year Report 2017, prepared by the Climate Bonds Initiative and the China Central Depository & Clearing Company, analyzes the growth, composition, and regulatory environment of China's green bond market during the first half of 2017.

The Allianz Climate and Energy Monitor 2017 ranks G20 member states on their attractiveness for low-carbon electricity infrastructure investments and assesses their investment needs to meet Paris Agreement temperature limits. While OECD countries like Germany, the UK, and France remain the most attractive destinations due to stable policy frameworks, emerging markets such as China, India, and South Africa show significant growth in renewable installations but face high investment needs to create climate-resilient power infrastructure.

This report by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) outlines its activities and strategic approach to promoting climate compatible development in India. It details the use of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to align Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) with sustainable development, the implementation of urban Heat Action Plans, and the promotion of private sector financing for rural renewable energy. The document emphasizes the integration of climate resilience into disaster risk management and the importance of gender-sensitive planning.

This policy brief examines the kerosene subsidy system in India, highlighting its financial costs, systemic inefficiencies, and the barriers it creates for the adoption of off-grid solar lighting. The authors argue that reforming these subsidies is essential to transition rural households toward cleaner energy alternatives.

This policy brief by the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) analyzes the Trump Administration's FY2018 'skinny budget' proposal. It details significant proposed funding cuts across multiple federal agencies, specifically targeting climate change programs, sustainable energy research, rural development, and public transportation infrastructure, while prioritizing national security and space exploration.

The Centre for Environmental Rights (CER), representing groundWork and the Highveld Environmental Justice Network (HEJN), submitted preliminary comments on the Department of Environmental Affairs' (DEA) draft mid-term review (MTR) of the Highveld Priority Area (HPA) Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP). The CER argues that the draft review is outdated, lacks a systematic methodology, and fails to provide sufficient evidence to support its conclusions, ultimately concluding that the HPA's goal of achieving compliance with national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) has not been met.

This report outlines several Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) initiatives in Nepal focused on enhancing climate resilience across the agriculture, hydroelectricity, and irrigation sectors, as well as improving the government's capacity to access international climate finance.

This briefing by the Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment (CAPE) examines the ecological and public health risks associated with neonicotinoid pesticides, focusing on their impact on pollinators and food security, and details regulatory responses in Ontario and by Health Canada.

This briefing by the Climate Bonds Initiative outlines the progress of public policy regarding green bonds in 2016 and projections for 2017. It highlights the emergence of sovereign green bonds, the role of green bonds in financing Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and various innovative financial tools used by governments to attract private capital for climate infrastructure.

This fact sheet by the Climate Bonds Initiative outlines public sector activities and policy developments in the green bond market during 2016, emphasizing the role of governments in leveraging private capital to meet climate-aligned infrastructure needs.

This briefing from RMI outlines eight priority areas for electricity innovation in 2017, based on a survey of the Electricity Innovation Lab (eLab) network. The document focuses on the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs), the evolution of utility business models, and the need for improved customer engagement to transform the U.S. electricity system.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the rule of exhaustion of local remedies (ELR) in international investment law. It analyzes how the customary international law requirement—that individuals seek redress in domestic courts before initiating international proceedings—has been largely dispensed with in investment treaties, while recently being reintroduced by several states to protect domestic sovereignty. The document reviews treaty practices, case law from ICSID and other tribunals, and provides policy recommendations for states negotiating investment agreements.

This report by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) synthesises seven years of experience in promoting 'climate compatible development'—an approach that integrates climate mitigation and adaptation with poverty eradication and human development. The document provides a framework for mainstreaming climate concerns into national macroeconomic planning, sectoral policies, and local governance, while emphasizing the necessity of political leadership, cross-government coordination, and inclusive stakeholder engagement. It details the financial challenges of transitioning to a low-carbon economy, the role of 'knowledge brokers' in translating science for policy-makers, and the importance of gender-sensitive implementation to ensure equitable outcomes.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) investigates the systemic use of official documents to mask the illegal origin of timber exported from the Peruvian Amazon in 2015. By analyzing 855 inspection reports and 2,364 Forest Transport Guides (GTF), the study reveals that exporters frequently exploit gaps in supervision and target markets with weak legality regulations to move high-risk timber.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) analyzes the systemic use of official documentation to launder illegal timber from the Peruvian Amazon for international export. By reviewing 865 Visual Inspection Certificates and 2,364 Forest Transport Permits (GTFs) from 2015, CIEL identifies patterns where exporters exploit gaps in supervision and transparency tools to bypass legality controls, particularly when exporting to markets with weak due diligence requirements.