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This chapter of the 'Chilling Prospects' report examines the enabling environment for sustainable cooling, specifically focusing on policy progress, financial flows, and the development of a community of practice.

This report analyzes the role of the Brazilian National Development Economic and Social Bank (BNDES) in providing investment credit for the Brazilian agricultural sector, focusing on the financing of machinery and equipment.

This report analyzes the energy transition in Uttar Pradesh (UP), India, highlighting the state's struggle to meet renewable energy targets despite its significant role in India's total power demand. The authors argue that UP's heavy reliance on coal-fired power creates financial and operational vulnerabilities, and they propose reforms for the state's distribution companies (Discoms) to facilitate a shift toward solar and biomass energy.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute analyzes the alignment of G20 COVID-19 recovery spending with the Paris Agreement. It argues that G20 nations have largely ignored the climate crisis in their recovery packages, favoring carbon-intensive solutions over clean energy, and proposes a typology of five policy levers—monetary, financial/real-economy, fiscal, public finance, and information instruments—that governments can use to align finance flows with climate goals.

This policy brief by the South African Institute of International Affairs argues that scaling up adaptation finance is critical for Africa's sustainable development, as the region is highly vulnerable to climate change despite low emissions. It identifies significant funding gaps and barriers—including a lack of 'bankable' proposals and a perception that adaptation projects lack private sector viability—and proposes several innovations to attract both public and private capital.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute examines the investment gap for nature-based solutions (NBS) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It proposes five strategies to leverage private capital—green bonds, land-based financing, blended loans, insurance policies, and endowments—and provides four recommendations to integrate NBS into infrastructure planning and financial models to ensure commercial viability and resilience.

This executive summary of the 2021 NYDF Progress Assessment report evaluates government efforts to utilize forests for climate mitigation, focusing on the ambition of climate pledges, investment levels, and implementation strategies. While it notes that the Paris Agreement has confirmed the pivotal role of forests, the report finds that current national targets and financial investments are significantly insufficient to meet the global mitigation potential of forests.

This policy briefing examines the barriers to and enablers of private sector climate finance in Africa, emphasizing the need for supportive regulatory environments, credit enhancement mechanisms, and the development of bankable projects to meet the region's significant mitigation and adaptation funding needs.

This SEI fact sheet, based on a study in the journal Climate Policy, analyzes international public finance for climate change adaptation in Africa from 2014 to 2018. The authors identify five critical shortfalls: insufficient funding levels compared to mitigation and actual needs, a lack of strategic targeting toward the most vulnerable countries, narrow sectoral focus, low disbursement rates of committed funds, and a reliance on loans over grants.

This briefing examines the political and economic drivers of coal-fired power investment in 18 high-impact countries (HICs) with significant electricity access gaps, noting that international public finance dominates coal investment while domestic private finance leads in renewables.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the rural credit market in the Brazilian Cerrado biome, highlighting a concentration of financial flows toward large-scale producers and soy production, while noting a scarcity of credit for small and medium-sized family farmers.

RMI argues that continued high spending on US gas distribution infrastructure is counterproductive to climate goals and risks creating stranded assets. The document advocates for a shift toward electrification and energy efficiency for residential and commercial buildings, while limiting gas infrastructure spending to targeted safety needs and high-value industrial applications.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the characteristics of rural credit in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. It highlights a significant concentration of financial flows toward large producers and the expansion of soybean production, contrasting this with limited credit access for small and medium-sized family farmers. The study also notes a growing trend of private financing sources, although public banks continue to dominate the distribution of credit.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the rural credit market in the Brazilian Cerrado biome, highlighting a significant concentration of financial flows toward large-scale producers and soy production, contrasted with limited credit access for small and medium-sized family farmers.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines Canadian government financial support for three major oil and gas pipeline projects since 2018, arguing that such funding risks public money and undermines climate commitments.

This briefing by RMI proposes the creation of a Clean Transition Financing Program via the Department of Energy’s Loan Programs Office (LPO) to mitigate the financial burdens on ratepayers and frontline energy communities during the United States' transition to a clean economy.

The 2021 State of Cities Climate Finance report provides a comprehensive estimate of global urban climate finance, identifying a significant gap between current annual investments of USD 384 billion and estimated needs of USD 4.5 to 5.4 trillion. It analyzes the enabling conditions required to mobilize finance and offers recommendations for city, national, and international officials to accelerate low-carbon, climate-resilient urban development.

This report by RMI argues that current US tax regulations create perverse incentives that discourage regulated utilities from deploying clean energy. It proposes two specific policy changes—eliminating tax normalization for the Investment Tax Credit (ITC) and implementing direct pay for tax credits—to align utility financial interests with the goal of 100 percent clean electricity by 2035.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes 517 energy-related policies approved by G7 nations and invited guests between January 1, 2020, and March 3, 2021. It evaluates whether COVID-19 recovery spending aligns with climate goals and 'build back better' pledges.

This executive summary of the 2021 State of Cities Climate Finance report, produced by the Cities Climate Finance Leadership Alliance with World Bank contributions, analyzes global urban climate investment flows and the enabling conditions required to close the investment gap. It establishes a framework for tracking urban climate finance and provides recommendations for city, national, and international officials to mobilize the trillions of dollars needed for low-carbon, climate-resilient urban development.