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The document evaluates the COVID-19 recovery packages of G20 nations, finding a prevalence of business-as-usual (BAU) investments that risk undermining Paris Agreement goals. It argues that the lack of pre-existing Paris-compatible project planning hindered green recovery efforts and suggests a multifaceted approach using monetary, fiscal, and regulatory levers to align financial flows with climate commitments.

The report examines the environmental impacts of different meat production systems and warns that "better meat"—often defined by social or ethical attributes—can counterintuitively result in higher environmental impacts per kilogram of protein. To mitigate this, the report advises companies to prioritize shifting toward plant-based foods and alternative proteins, and to further reduce meat volumes if "better meat" strategies increase overall emissions.

The report identifies three primary sources of agricultural methane: enteric fermentation (55-60%), rice cultivation (18-20%), and manure management (6-8%). It highlights scalable solutions such as methane-inhibiting feed additives, solid-liquid manure separation, and modified rice irrigation practices, noting that while many are cost-effective, adoption is hindered by economic and technological barriers.

The analysis evaluates the economic rate of return (ERR) for solar photovoltaic, small hydropower, and wind energy across three Indian states, incorporating health, water, land, and climate impacts against a coal baseline. It finds that most assessed technologies justify public investment based on an 8 percent social discount rate, with the highest returns occurring in Maharashtra.

The analysis argues that equity is essential for achieving consensus in international agreements and should be addressed through both the differentiation of commitments and the design of supporting institutions. Key recommendations include using objective criteria for negotiating differentiated obligations, allowing for the timing of obligations to vary based on capacity, and prioritizing facilitative compliance over sanctions for developing countries. The paper emphasizes that equity requires not only financial support but also technology access and country ownership of implementation strategies.

The analysis evaluates four scenarios for reaching the $100 billion climate finance goal by 2020, concluding that a combination of diverse sources and increased public flows is likely necessary. While developed country finance alone is insufficient without extreme growth, the inclusion of Multilateral Development Bank (MDB) finance, private sector leverage, and climate-related Official Development Assistance (ODA) increases the likelihood of meeting the target even under low-growth conditions.

The document outlines a framework for responsible corporate engagement in climate policy, emphasizing the need for businesses to align their government affairs and lobbying activities with their corporate responsibility commitments. It identifies five core elements of responsible engagement—legitimacy, opportunity, accountability, consistency, and transparency—and proposes three practical actions: identifying influences, aligning words with actions, and reporting on policy positions.

The document argues that limiting global warming to 1.5 or 2°C requires a virtually decarbonized power sector by 2050, a goal the world is currently not on track to meet. It asserts that increasing ambition in NDCs requires moving beyond simple renewable energy targets to implement four foundational strategies: enhancing grid flexibility, addressing existing coal assets, implementing institutional changes, and leveraging synergies between power and end-use sectors.

A rapid umbrella review of literature on transitioning pasture to silvopasture in the eastern United States finds that while tree carbon may increase, forage and livestock productivity often decrease, potentially leading to land-use leakage that undermines net climate benefits.

The paper argues that the wind power industry is integrated primarily through foreign direct investment rather than trade, and that promoting global integration can reduce technology costs and foster innovation without sacrificing local job creation.

The document identifies five key variables—motivation, concessionality/source, causality, geographic origin, and recipient—that shape the debate over what constitutes valid climate finance. It aims to provide a framework for UNFCCC Parties to facilitate understanding and convergence on the $100 billion climate finance benchmark without taking a definitive position on what should specifically count.

The report analyzes the success of the Ozone Transport Commission's NOx Budget Program, the first multilateral cap-and-trade system for air pollutants, as a model for state-led greenhouse gas emissions trading. It finds that the program effectively reduced emissions between 1999 and 2002 without harming economic vitality, eventually facilitating the adoption of a broader federal system. The author argues that states should take the initiative on greenhouse gas controls to spur innovation and potentially pave the way for national-scale reductions.

The document argues that reducing upstream methane leakage is critical for the U.S. to meet greenhouse gas emissions goals. It warns that LNG exports are likely to increase domestic emissions and proposes several policy interventions, including expanded Department of Energy research, updated emissions factors, and the implementation of a clean energy standard or carbon pricing.

The document argues that the Conference of the Parties (COP) must establish consistent, transparent, and accurate accounting rules to maintain the integrity of post-2012 climate agreements. It specifically recommends that the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) develop measurement, reporting, and verification guidelines based on existing National Communications guidelines and the Copenhagen Accord. To clarify Annex I pledges, the paper suggests using a supplemental form to gather detailed information on greenhouse gas coverage, sectors, land use (LULUCF), offsets, and surplus allowances from the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period. The author asserts that these harmonized rules are essential for tracking aggregate performance against global temperature targets and for comparing emissions reductions across parties.

In 2006, U.S. forests acted as a carbon sink, absorbing more carbon dioxide than they released and reducing total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by 12.5%, or 884 million metric tons. This absorption exceeded the total emissions produced by the residential and commercial sectors combined.

The document introduces a proposed methodology for estimating mobilized private climate finance, arguing that while existing methods measure project-level co-finance, the specific effects of policy on attracting private investment are less understood. The authors conclude that their proposed approach offers an improved foundation for tracking and estimating this finance, despite certain limitations, and can be applied to future case studies.

A fact sheet detailing the efforts of major U.S. companies to scale up renewable energy use and reduce emissions through collaboration with utilities and regulators.

WRI finds that renewable energy supplies in eight major economies are projected to double by 2030, reaching 20,000 TWh, which is 18 percent higher than previous projections. Additionally, 80 percent of the 127 INDCs submitted by October 2015 referenced clean energy.

The analysis evaluates the impact of H.R. 2454 (ACESA) on greenhouse gas emissions, finding that proposed pollution caps alone would reduce emissions by 15% below 2005 levels by 2020 and 73% by 2050. When complementary requirements are included, reductions increase to 28% by 2020 and 75% by 2050, with a maximum potential reduction of 81% by 2050 if additional offsets and supplemental reductions are utilized.

The document argues that a well-integrated carbon market in India can lower emissions reduction costs for industry and facilitate low-carbon transformation. It emphasizes that successful implementation requires tailored capacity building, iterative design through simulations and pilots, industry engagement, and complementary policies to mitigate competitiveness and distributional risks. The report suggests that a single framework could potentially subsume existing market-based mechanisms to improve administration and compliance.