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The document warns that a proposed Protocol to the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) would allow some countries to continue trading, stockpiling, and using cluster munitions, thereby weakening the international legal standard established by the 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM). It highlights that Africa is disproportionately affected by these weapons, with nearly a third of affected countries and territories located on the continent. The author urges African states to maintain their commitment to a total ban to avoid setting a dangerous legal precedent where a lower standard of international law is adopted after a higher one has already been agreed upon.

This briefing discusses the significance of Liberia's 2011 presidential and legislative elections for the country's stability and the subsequent withdrawal of UN troops, while emphasizing three critical areas for sustained peace building.

The document argues for a strong Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) to regulate the international transfer of conventional arms, which currently lacks global standards based on human rights and international humanitarian law. It highlights that the failure to regulate this trade results in significant loss of life and impacts livelihoods. Following an unsuccessful round of UN negotiations in July 2012, the brief calls for a collective responsibility to preserve human security and prevent human suffering, urging African states to prioritise specific text areas at the subsequent UN conference scheduled for March 2013.

The briefing examines the institutional fragility of Guinea-Bissau ahead of legislative elections scheduled for 24 November. It highlights the illegitimacy of the National Elections Commission (CNE) and the dysfunction of the Supreme Court, both of which are unable to fulfill their electoral mandates. The author suggests that President Umaro Sissoco Embaló should seek consensus with political players and that ECOWAS should intervene to potentially postpone and combine legislative and presidential elections to restore institutional normalcy.

The document serves as an introduction to a monograph analyzing Zimbabwe's instability. It details failed attempts at a managed political transition between ZANU-PF and the MDC, the government's subsequent increase in repression, and the economic collapse driven by debt, foreign exchange shortages, and the assault on commercial farming. It outlines five chapters covering opposition politics, internal ZANU-PF tensions, economic recovery prerequisites, radical policy alternatives, and the complexities of land reform in Southern Africa.

The document examines Uganda's threat to withdraw its forces from AMISOM, which follows allegations of Ugandan support for the M23 rebellion in the DRC. It highlights the risk that an untimely withdrawal without replacement could reverse security gains in Somalia and damage Uganda's reputation as a regional peace-broker. The briefing suggests the threat may be a political strategy to emphasize Uganda's contributions to international security, noting that diplomatic pressure, including a visit by US Ambassador Wendy Sherman, is likely being used to dissuade the withdrawal.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies provides updated scenarios regarding the deteriorating security situation in Angola, focusing on the failure of the Lusaka Peace Accords and the economic instability caused by falling oil prices.

The document outlines three future scenarios for South Africa by 2030: 'Bafana Bafana' (perennial underachievement), 'A Nation Divided' (populist policies and factional politics), and 'Mandela Magic' (a clear economic and developmental vision). It highlights that the 'Mandela Magic' pathway could result in an economy 23 per cent larger than the current 'Bafana Bafana' path and proposes seven strategic interventions to achieve this outcome.

The document outlines various leisure tours for conference participants in South Africa, ranging from short local trips like the Lion Park tour (R575.00) to a three-day Classic Kruger National Park Safari (R7700.00). It details activities such as game drives in Pilanesberg and Kruger National Parks, visits to the Elephant Sanctuary, and an eco-adventure canopy tour in the Magaliesberg Mountains.

This policy brief examines the impact of small-scale photovoltaic (PV) adoption on municipal revenue in South Africa's Western Cape and proposes a sequential policy approach involving advanced metering infrastructure, smart grid investment, and local PV manufacturing to mitigate financial losses.

The document examines the dual impact of initiatives aimed at stopping the illegal exploitation of minerals to fund conflict in the Great Lakes region. While these efforts have increased global awareness and stakeholder responsibility, they have also led to the 'conflict mineral' labelling of gold, tin, tantalum, and tungsten. This labelling has caused interrupted demand, business closures, and loss of employment, which the authors argue could further reinforce the regional crisis if not addressed.

The research argues that the political weight of a diaspora is not determined by its size or the volume of remittances, but rather by the structure and organization of the home state. In Cape Verde, a state-led effort to organize the diaspora and the adoption of democratic reforms allowed migrants to exert influence through voting and parliamentary representation. In contrast, the Comores' fragmented state and diaspora, and Lesotho's reliance on South African labor without state-led reintegration, resulted in limited political influence for their respective migrant communities. The document highlights that while remittances provide economic survival, they cannot be used as diplomatic leverage like foreign aid, and often reinforce existing social inequalities rather than disrupting them.

The report examines the reception of 250,000 to 350,000 Mozambican refugees in South Africa during the 1980s, highlighting a paradox where ethnic solidarity among Shangaan-speakers coexisted with severe economic exploitation. It details the creation of a 'third tier' of undocumented labour in the lowveld's commercial farming sector and critiques the UNHCR's flawed repatriation programme in the 1990s. Despite subsequent South African government amnesties granting permanent residence to 176,648 refugees by 2000, the author argues that many former refugees remained a 'de facto undocumented' underclass due to systemic xenophobia and structural economic dependence on cheap labour.

The report examines the migration of Congolese nationals to South Africa, noting a transition from elite migration during the late apartheid era to a larger influx of middle-class, educated refugees fleeing conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Despite high levels of human capital, these migrants face significant social dislocation, high unemployment, and systemic discrimination, often finding themselves in survivalist informal labor such as car guarding and hair cutting. The text highlights the role of ethnic 'tribes' as survival networks and the pervasive corruption within the Department of Home Affairs.

The author contends that the Darfur crisis is a manifestation of a breakdown in governance and long-term discontent with elitist rule in Sudan, rather than a simple religious or ethnic divide. The text criticizes the role of international activism and media, noting that the use of inflated fatality statistics creates a threshold for concern that ignores underlying causes. Furthermore, it suggests that reliance on international 'conflict management' by the UN and diplomats removes local agency and accountability, arguing that a sustainable solution must be driven by Sudanese civil society.

The report argues that the success of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) depends heavily on improving the efficiency, capacity, and security of Africa's maritime transport and port infrastructure to facilitate the movement of goods across the continent.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies examines the environmental risks associated with the Red Sea crisis, highlighting how military conflict and the rerouting of shipping traffic threaten marine ecosystems, increase carbon emissions, and jeopardize the food security of coastal populations in Africa.

The research paper argues that land in eastern DRC has transitioned from a basis of social identity to a currency of political and economic power, fueling ethnic conflict. It details how colonial 'indirect rule' and post-colonial legislation, such as the 1973 General Property Law, created a dual system of tenure that marginalized rural populations and empowered elites. In Masisi and Ituri, this structural insecurity was manipulated by local and regional actors to trigger mass violence, with land becoming a 'resource' for warlords to consolidate power through the control of 'unfree labour'.

The provided text consists solely of a list of abbreviations for political organizations, military groups, and United Nations missions, primarily focused on Angola, Mozambique, and other international conflict zones.

The provided text consists of a list of abbreviations and contributor biographies for a publication titled 'Society Under Siege II', but it contains no substantive analysis, findings, or arguments regarding climate change or the energy transition.