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This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the role of National Development Banks (NDBs) in financing climate-smart urban infrastructure. It identifies significant gaps in current NDB mandates and proposes a 'maturity model' consisting of 12 dimensions across strategic, financial, business, and operational parameters to help NDBs better support municipalities. The document provides recommendations for International Financial Institutions (IFIs) to support NDBs through technical assistance, innovative capital access, and de-risking instruments to bridge the urban climate investment gap.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative examines how National Development Banks (NDBs) can be leveraged to increase financing for climate-smart urban infrastructure. It identifies significant gaps in current NDB mandates and proposes a 12-dimension maturity model to help NDBs optimize their strategic, financial, business, and operational capacities to better support municipalities in implementing low-carbon and climate-resilient projects.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the role of National Development Banks (NDBs) in financing climate-smart urban infrastructure. It identifies significant gaps in current NDB mandates and capacities, proposing a 'maturity model' with twelve dimensions across strategic, financial, business, and operational parameters to help NDBs better support local governments in implementing low-carbon and climate-resilient projects.

This report presents the results of a survey conducted by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) in collaboration with the Indonesian Energy Conservation and Efficiency Society (MASKEEI) to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on facility owners and energy efficiency service companies (ESCOs) in Indonesia.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative and Vivid Economics analyzes the 'greenness' of COVID-19 recovery stimulus packages in five Asian countries—India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, and South Korea—using the Greenness of Stimulus Index (GSI). The study finds that most of these nations are not sufficiently incorporating climate considerations into their fiscal responses, with 'dirty' stimulus often outweighing green measures.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) outlines an analysis of urban climate adaptation finance, focusing on the challenges of tracking financial flows and the objective of identifying gaps to mobilize resilience solutions in global urban areas by 2030.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the landscape of green and climate finance in China, highlighting the gap between current investment levels and the funding required to meet climate targets. It analyzes the dominance of the public sector, regional investment patterns, and the barriers preventing private capital from scaling, while offering recommendations for policy improvements and the greening of outbound investments.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative and Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL) proposes a standardized Cooling Investment Tracking Framework to address significant data gaps in global cooling finance. The authors argue that current datasets focus too narrowly on equipment sales and lack the transaction-level granularity needed for governments and investors to align capital with sustainable cooling needs.

This technical note by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes Bill (PL) No. 2633/2020, which proposes changes to the legal framework for land regularization of federal public lands in Brazil. The authors argue that the proposed environmental safeguards are insufficient and ineffective, potentially rewarding illegal deforestation by granting titles without requiring the regularization of environmental liabilities.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the public contracting processes for socio-environmental studies—specifically Technical, Economic, and Environmental Feasibility Studies (EVTEA) and Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA)—for federal land transportation projects in the Brazilian Amazon. The researchers identify significant gaps in transparency, budget allocation, and the timing of socio-environmental analyses within the project life cycle, providing recommendations to improve the robustness of infrastructure projects and their mitigation measures.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the public procurement processes for socio-environmental studies—specifically Technical, Economic, and Environmental Viability Studies (EVTEA) and Environmental Impact Studies (EIA)—for land transport infrastructure projects in the Brazilian Amazon. The analysis identifies significant gaps in transparency, a lack of clear selection and evaluation criteria in bidding documents, and an imbalance in budget allocation that favors diagnostic data over impact assessment and mitigation. The authors recommend increasing transparency in bidding, specifying budget allocation for socio-environmental components, and introducing a 'pre-feasibility' phase to filter projects before they reach the environmental licensing stage.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the flow of climate finance in South Africa for 2017 and 2018, identifying a significant gap between current investment levels and the funding required to meet the country's Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It details the roles of public and private finance, highlighting a lack of coordination between the two and recommending the development of a central registry and innovative blended finance tools to scale investment.

This guide by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) outlines a four-step process for government officials and practitioners to develop a national landscape of climate finance, drawing on CPI's experience since 2011 in tracking investments for low carbon and climate resilient actions.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the impacts of rural credit on agricultural production and land use across Brazilian biomes between 2002 and 2018. It finds that increased credit availability generally boosts productivity and can reduce deforestation pressures, particularly in the Amazon and Cerrado, by shifting land use from pasture to crops.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the impact of rural credit on agricultural production and land use across Brazilian biomes from 2002 to 2018. It finds that increased credit supply generally boosts agricultural production and productivity while reducing deforestation pressures, particularly in the Amazon and Cerrado, by shifting land use from pasture to crops.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative proposes the 'Indeks Desa Membangun Plus' (IDM+), a reformed evaluation index designed to incentivize sustainable land use and environmental preservation at the village level in Indonesia. Using Berau Regency in East Kalimantan as a case study, the report argues that existing fiscal transfer mechanisms fail to reward ecological performance and suggests a mixed fiscal instrument approach to provide both incentives for high-performing villages and affirmative support for those with low ecological scores.

This document is an annex listing the federal and state legislation consulted for a 2021 report on the implementation of the Brazilian Forest Code, specifically the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA). It provides a detailed bibliography of laws, decrees, and normative instructions across most Brazilian states.

This report summarizes a virtual workshop held on January 21, 2021, organized by the European Forest Institute, Climate Policy Initiative, and UNDP. The event brought together over 200 participants from more than 60 countries to discuss the mapping and tracking of domestic climate finance, focusing on how these tools can drive policy ambition, improve reporting under the Paris Agreement, and mobilize both public and private investment.

This 2021 report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) provides a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of the Brazilian Forest Code (Law No. 12.651/2012) across Brazilian states. It focuses on the progress of the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA), identifying significant bottlenecks in the analysis and validation of registries and the low rate of producer adherence to regularization programs. The report highlights disparities between states, noting that while registration is advanced nationwide, the transition to actual environmental recovery remains a major challenge.

This executive summary provides a 2021 snapshot of the implementation of Brazil's Native Vegetation Protection Law (Forest Code), specifically focusing on the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Compliance Program (PRA). While property registration is well-advanced nationwide, the report identifies significant bottlenecks in the analysis and validation of these registrations and a lack of producer interest in joining the PRA, leaving the final stage of environmental regularization as a major challenge across most states.