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This research paper provides a conceptual framework for UNFCCC Parties to define and measure progress toward the $100 billion climate finance commitment. It identifies five key variables—motivation, concessionality/source, causality, geographic origin, and recipient—and uses "onion diagrams" to map the level of political consensus for different types of financial flows. The paper also highlights critical accounting issues (such as committed vs. disbursed funds and nominal vs. subsidy costs) and the lack of a unified definition for "new and additional" finance, arguing that stakeholders should agree on principles before focusing on quantitative totals.

This statement from the Climate Bonds Initiative responds to a European Union consultation on the Capital Markets Union, arguing that the EU must take active steps beyond supporting market guidelines to scale the green bond market. The document outlines how existing EU tools and priority areas—such as SME financing, securitisation, and the European Fund for Strategic Investments—can be leveraged to close significant low-carbon investment gaps in the EU and globally.

This guide by the Climate Policy Initiative outlines an eight-step methodology for countries, cities, and organizations to map climate finance flows. The process is designed to establish investment baselines, reveal interactions between public and private finance, and identify opportunities to redirect funding toward low-carbon and climate-resilient activities.

This guide describes the role of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in regulating chemicals and manufactured nanomaterials, specifically detailing the activities of the Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials (WPMN) and its steering groups.

The 2015 Green Bond Market Roundup by the Climate Bonds Initiative reports that $41.8 billion in labelled green bonds were issued in 2015. The document highlights growth in market supply driven by policy support, the entry of more corporate and municipal issuers, and expanding investor demand from institutional entities. It also notes an evolution in standards, such as the launch of Climate Bond Standard V2, and an increasing emphasis on reporting and third-party assurance to validate green credentials.

This report by Friends of the Earth International critiques the 'financialization of nature,' arguing that redefining ecosystems as a set of quantifiable 'environmental services' serves to maintain industrial growth and corporate profits rather than protecting biodiversity. The author contends that market-based mechanisms, such as biodiversity offsets and carbon credits, provide a 'permit to pollute' and lead to the dispossession of indigenous peoples and local communities.

This report by Friends of the Earth International critiques the 'financialization of nature,' arguing that redefining nature as a set of quantifiable 'ecosystem services' serves as a tool for capital markets to maximize profits and reduce industrial costs rather than protecting biodiversity.

This report by Friends of the Earth International argues that the 'financialization of nature'—the process of redefining nature as a collection of quantifiable 'ecosystem services' to be traded on capital markets—is a threat to ecological justice. The document contends that these markets, including biodiversity and carbon offsets, serve as cost-cutting tools for corporations to continue industrial destruction while undermining the rights and territories of indigenous peoples and traditional communities.

This report details the 11th Annual General Meeting (AGM) of the Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF), held in Geneva, Switzerland, from October 27–29, 2015. The meeting focused on 'The Post-Mining Transition and Environmental Management,' exploring how to integrate environmental, economic, and social planning into the mine life cycle to ensure sustainable transitions and community resilience after closure.

This 2015 report by SEI Tallinn analyzes food waste in Estonia's retail and food processing sectors. It finds that while Estonia generates less food waste per capita than several other European nations, significant losses occur in retail (approx. 12,000 tonnes annually) and the meat industry. Key drivers include poor sales forecasting, consumer behavior, and production process residues. The report highlights barriers to food donation, such as transport and legal ambiguity, and recommends national strategies to reduce food loss.

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute evaluates the environmental integrity of Joint Implementation (JI) during the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period (2008–2012). The analysis finds that JI likely increased global greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 600 million tCO2e due to widespread issues with additionality, overcrediting, and a lack of international oversight under 'Track 1' procedures.

This 2014 fact sheet by the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) provides a comprehensive overview of employment figures in the renewable energy and energy efficiency sectors within the United States and globally. It synthesizes data from government agencies, international organizations, and industry groups to highlight job creation trends and the economic impact of clean energy investments.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines how fossil-fuel subsidies act as a barrier to the deployment of renewable electricity. It argues that these subsidies impair the cost competitiveness of renewables, reinforce the dominance of incumbent fossil-fuel systems, and distort investment decisions. The document advocates for fossil-fuel subsidy reform and the pricing of environmental externalities to create a more sustainable energy system.

This consultation background paper, published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) in December 2014, outlines the context for developing a new provincial climate change and green economy plan for Manitoba. It specifically focuses on the role of peatlands in emissions reduction, climate resilience, and economic development, while reviewing Manitoba's previous emissions performance and comparing climate policies across other jurisdictions.

This research paper examines legal gaps in the international criminal justice system, specifically regarding the obligation of states to exercise national jurisdiction and the lack of a horizontal framework for interstate cooperation. It assesses two intergovernmental initiatives—the International Law Commission (ILC) study on crimes against humanity and the Belgium, Slovenia, and Netherlands (BSN) initiative—aimed at enhancing complementarity by establishing conventions for mutual legal assistance and the obligation to prosecute or extradite.

The New York Declaration on Forests Action Agenda (2014) outlines a comprehensive framework for governments, companies, indigenous peoples, and multilateral institutions to slow, halt, and reverse global forest loss. It details a 'menu of key actions' for various stakeholders and reports a surge in zero-deforestation commitments from global commodity traders and consumer goods companies, alongside national pledges for forest restoration and the protection of indigenous lands.

The EC progress report details the activities of the Executive Committee (EC) and the EC Bureau of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI). Key actions include the establishment of an ad hoc committee to draft terms of reference for a new Advisory Committee on Science-Policy Liaison, brainstorming strategies to increase member country involvement and funding, and the IAI's participation in the ENSOCIO-LA international consortium to foster research cooperation between Latin American and European countries.

This progress report from the President of the Executive Council (EC) of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) outlines the implementation of mandates from the 21st Conference of the Parties (CoP), the establishment of a Science-Policy Interface Advisory Committee, and the IAI's participation in international research consortia and climate conferences.

A briefing by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and other NGOs criticizing the decision by CITES to remove Afrormosia (Pericopsis elata) from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) from the Review of Significant Trade. The document argues that the DRC has failed to implement sustainable management practices, continues to engage in widespread illegal logging, and has provided an insufficient non-detriment finding (NDF) to justify its export quotas.

This report describes the March 10-14, 2014, Bonn Climate Change Conference, where parties under the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) worked to identify elements for a universal climate agreement intended for 2015. The document also includes unrelated sections regarding Germany's overseas gas project funding and energy transition lessons for Canada.