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This executive summary, published by the Stockholm Environment Institute in May 2021, analyzes the potential for hydrogen resource usage in Estonia between 2020 and 2050. It evaluates the hydrogen value chain—production, storage, distribution, and consumption—across the transport, industrial, building, and power sectors. The report identifies the transport and chemical industries as the primary areas for decarbonization and outlines the necessary investments, infrastructure, and policy measures required to transition to a hydrogen economy.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines the governance challenges associated with the over-exploitation of natural resources. It argues that current resource use is unsustainable and unevenly distributed, calling for transformative change through inclusive decision-making, the protection of human rights for marginalized groups, and a shift toward circular economies.

This policy brief examines the governance challenges associated with the sustainable use of natural resources, highlighting the gap between the principles established in the 1972 Stockholm Declaration and current global trends of over-exploitation and inequitable distribution.

This policy brief, prepared by the Climate Bonds Initiative in partnership with the Inter-American Development Bank and commissioned by the Brazilian Ministry of Economy, explores how subnational consortia in Brazil can utilize innovative financial modeling to fund sustainable municipal infrastructure. It analyzes the legal barriers facing Brazilian municipalities, proposes the adoption of pooled financing mechanisms (MFGCs), and provides international case studies to support a green economic recovery.

This policy brief, prepared by the Climate Bonds Initiative and supported by the Inter-American Development Bank, examines the potential for Brazilian subnational consortia to use Pooled Finance Mechanisms (PFMs) to fund sustainable infrastructure. It identifies significant regulatory and financial barriers facing Brazilian municipalities and proposes updates to the legal framework and the adoption of blended finance models to attract private and international capital for climate-resilient projects.

This report by Ember analyzes the National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) of EU countries to assess the trajectory of the EU power sector toward 2030. It finds that while renewable energy is expected to grow, the EU is not on track to meet the European Commission's recommended 55% emissions reduction target due to slow fossil fuel phase-outs and insufficient wind and solar deployment, particularly in seven specific member states.

This literature review by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and Sitra examines the relationship between the transition to a circular economy and its impact on global and regional employment, emphasizing the need for 'decent work' and just transition policies.

A Green Bond Fact Sheet for a EUR 10 million issuance by Reconcept GmbH to finance renewable energy projects globally.

In the first half of 2020, renewable electricity generation exceeded fossil fuel generation for the first time in the EU-27, driven by new installations, favorable weather, and a COVID-19-related drop in electricity demand.

A Green Bond Fact Sheet detailing a SEK600m (USD63m) green bond issued by Cibus Nordic Real Estate on June 12, 2020, to finance energy-efficient building projects in the Nordic region.

An analysis of preliminary 2019 emissions data from the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), highlighting a significant decline in power sector emissions driven by the collapse of coal power and the emergence of steel plants as primary emitters in several countries.

This report analyzes the evolving jurisprudence of UN human rights treaty bodies (HRTBs) from 2008 to 2019, concluding that States have legal obligations under human rights treaties to implement ambitious climate mitigation (including phasing out fossil fuels), ensure inclusive adaptation, and provide international cooperation. Key developments include a 2019 joint statement by five HRTBs and the Human Rights Committee's recognition that climate change threatens the right to life, potentially triggering non-refoulment obligations in deportation cases.

This Green Bond Fact Sheet details a SEK 750 million (USD 80 million) green bond issued by Sagax AB on December 16, 2019, to finance low-carbon, energy-efficient buildings with at least LEED Gold certification.

This report by Sandbag analyzes how the disparity in carbon pricing between the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and its non-EU neighbors leads to 'carbon leakage,' where high-carbon electricity, primarily from coal, is imported into the EU. The authors argue that this undermines EU climate goals and incentivizes the continued use of coal in neighboring states. To combat this, the report proposes the implementation of a border carbon adjustment (BCA) specifically for electricity imports.

This report provides a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of selected eco-technologies for wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery across three catchment areas in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). By combining CBA with multi-criteria analysis (MCA), the study evaluates the economic efficiency of various technologies compared to baseline scenarios, focusing on the recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.

This Green Bond Fact Sheet describes a EUR 500 million (USD 570 million) green bond issued by Vattenfall AB on June 24, 2019, with a maturity date of June 24, 2026.

This fact sheet from the Climate Bonds Initiative details a EUR140 million (USD157 million) green bond issued by European Energy A/S on June 20, 2019, to fund renewable energy projects and refinance existing debt.

This document is a Green Bond Fact Sheet from the Climate Bonds Initiative detailing a SEK 1bn (USD 106m) green bond issued by Fastighets AB Balder on June 5, 2019.

This report reviews 175 agriculture-related water policy recommendations from the European Commission, HELCOM, and EU BONUS projects. It finds that governance is the most prioritized area (31%), followed by financing and methods/tools. While the EU and HELCOM focus on regulatory frameworks and international harmonization, BONUS projects advocate for more innovative, result-based payments and co-governance. Notably, biodiversity and enforcement are entirely absent from the recommendations, and climate change is rarely mentioned.

Hemfosa Fastigheter AB issued a SEK1.3bn (USD135m) senior unsecured green bond on May 16, 2019, to fund green buildings and energy efficiency projects. As the first listed Swedish community service property owner to issue a green bond, Hemfosa requires assets to meet strict certifications (e.g., BREEAM Very Good) and energy efficiency thresholds (25% better than national regulations). The company committed to annual public reporting on the use of proceeds and GHG emissions avoided.