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The Kenya Green Bond Programme (2017-2021) aimed to accelerate the use of green bonds to finance climate mitigation and adaptation in Kenya. The project successfully mobilised GBP 64.95 million in private finance, supported three green finance transactions (including Kenya's first green bond), established regulatory guidelines and tax incentives, and trained over 20,000 bank employees and 16 verifiers.

This briefing describes a technical assistance project by FSD Africa and KBA to establish an Over-The-Counter (OTC) Bond Exchange in Kenya, intended to improve bond market liquidity, transparency, and efficiency.

This research paper analyzes the context of Kenya's 2022 general election, detailing the primary candidates, the economic pressures facing the country, and the historical challenges of its electoral processes.

This briefing by the Global Climate and Health Alliance outlines principles to ensure COP27 prioritizes African health and climate needs. It advocates for a transition where 'net zero' equates to 'zero poverty,' emphasizing the integration of health professionals into climate decision-making, the promotion of indigenous food systems over Western-style diets, and the urgent need for targeted finance and renewable energy access to build community resilience.

The report estimates that implementing Africa's NDCs from 2020 to 2030 will cost USD 2.8 trillion, with a funding gap of USD 2.5 trillion. Current annual flows of USD 30 billion meet only 12% of the required USD 250 billion annual need. Mitigation accounts for 66% of needs, while adaptation accounts for 24%, though the latter is likely underestimated.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the bidirectional relationship between structural inequality and climate change, arguing that current economic systems and global environmental governance frameworks fail to address the inequitable distribution of resources and ecological space.

This case study describes the 'Closing the Loop on Textile Waste in Kenya' partnership, a multistakeholder initiative that uses chemical recycling technology to transform post-production textile waste into high-quality raw materials for new clothing. The project aims to address the environmental impact of Kenya's growing garment industry while providing employment for local women.

This policy brief by the South African Institute of International Affairs argues that scaling up adaptation finance is critical for Africa's sustainable development, as the region is highly vulnerable to climate change despite low emissions. It identifies significant funding gaps and barriers—including a lack of 'bankable' proposals and a perception that adaptation projects lack private sector viability—and proposes several innovations to attract both public and private capital.

The Food Securities Fund, developed by Clarmondial, provides working capital loans to agricultural aggregators in emerging and developing markets to support the transition to sustainable agriculture, with an initial focus on Sub Saharan Africa.

Minutes from the May 26, 2021, GEC Steering Group meeting detailing the development of a green recovery intervention and a multi-year (2021-2026) 'social contract' programme to address inequality. The meeting also reviewed the status of five strategic priorities, including SME approach and funding pipelines, and approved a forward calendar for future meetings.

This report examines the potential of the Croton megalocarpus Hutch tree in Kenya to enhance farmers' livelihoods and contribute to various economic sectors within the framework of a bioeconomy, specifically analyzing the business model and value chain of the company EFK.

This guide outlines the necessity of conducting social analyses when using Aqueduct Food data to ensure water and agricultural policies are socially equitable. It highlights how vulnerable groups—such as women in Malawi, pastoralists in the Sahel, and displaced communities in India—are disproportionately affected by resource management decisions. The document provides a set of guiding questions and a list of resources from organizations like the World Bank and FAO to help decision-makers identify and mitigate adverse social impacts.

This policy brief by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines the role of green financing and blended finance in scaling renewable energy across Africa, using Kenya as a primary case study to illustrate how public and private capital can be combined to meet rising energy demands and climate commitments.

This policy brief examines the role of green financing in scaling renewable energy investments across Africa, using Kenya as a primary case study. It argues that while Africa has vast renewable potential, public funds are insufficient to meet the estimated $120 billion annual investment requirement through 2040. The document highlights how blended finance, risk mitigation instruments, and strategic partnerships between governments, development finance institutions, and the private sector can unlock the capital necessary for universal energy access and a low-carbon transition.

This briefing by the Climate Bonds Initiative explains how green securitisation—the process of creating asset-backed securities (ABS) from low-carbon assets—can unlock finance for small-scale projects. It details various structures including synthetic ABS, PACE ABS, solar ABS, and green mortgage-backed securities, highlighting how aggregating small assets allows institutional investors to provide capital to SMEs and urban infrastructure.

This research paper analyzes the USD 18-36 trillion climate investment gap in developing countries and identifies key barriers to scaling finance, such as access to capital and investor skill gaps. It evaluates the roles of various public finance actors—including MDBs, bilateral DFIs, and National Development Banks—highlighting that while NDBs provide the largest flows, they often lack risk mitigation tools. The authors recommend that public actors adopt more flexible capital strategies, harmonize standards, and shift from project-specific finance to broader financial system development to better leverage private investment.

This report assesses progress toward Goal 4 of the New York Declaration on Forests, which focuses on supporting alternatives to deforestation driven by basic needs, such as subsistence farming and fuelwood collection. The document highlights a significant lack of aggregate global data to measure progress, relying instead on proxy indicators like the distribution of clean cookstoves and related financial funding.

The 2018 Progress Assessment Goal 4 Update evaluates efforts to support alternatives to deforestation driven by basic human needs, such as subsistence farming and woodfuel use. While the distribution of clean cookstoves has increased significantly, financial support for woodfuel interventions has declined. The report highlights various regional case studies in the Amazon, West Africa, and Southeast Asia that employ sustainable landscape approaches and community-based management to alleviate poverty and protect forests.

This research paper evaluates the effectiveness of woodfuel carbon-offset projects in reducing deforestation and emissions, finding that actual emission reductions are significantly lower than project expectations.

This research paper examines how voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) act as both barriers and enablers for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) attempting to enter global value chains (GVCs) coordinated by multinational corporations (MNCs), with a specific focus on South Africa and Kenya as regional economic gateways.