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This research synthesis briefing from the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) outlines the institute's work on sustainable consumption, production, and trade. It focuses on the development of consumption-based accounting tools to reveal the full environmental costs of goods and services, the role of government and business in driving sustainable behavior, and the vulnerabilities inherent in complex global supply chains.

This research paper presents the results of two multi-stakeholder participatory GIS (PGIS) workshops held in June and July 2014 in the Morogoro region of Tanzania. The workshops aimed to map small-scale dairy production systems, feed sources, and support infrastructure in the Kilosa and Mvomero districts to provide a baseline for the CLEANED-VCs environmental assessment framework. The study identifies various livestock keeping systems, environmental risks such as land encroachment and water scarcity, and explores scenarios for increasing milk yields through improved education, breeding, and fodder production.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute provides a generic framework for institutional capacity development (CD) in developing countries. It integrates traditional institutional development, governance, and micro-economic approaches to define capacity as a combination of functions, resources, and structures. The document outlines the process of CD, strategies for sustainability, and provides generic capacity areas and indicators to monitor progress, alongside specific examples from Tanzania, the Philippines, Mozambique, and Madagascar.

This report chapter outlines a conceptual framework for 'empowerment pathways' to transform gender relations in Sub-Saharan Africa's smallholder farming sector. It argues that sustainable change requires a multi-dimensional approach addressing individual agency, social and legal structures, and collective relations, while actively engaging men as allies to move from 'power over' to 'power with' dynamics.

This executive summary from the World Resources Institute argues that securing and protecting the legal forest rights of Indigenous Peoples and local communities is a critical but undervalued tool for reducing carbon dioxide emissions and mitigating climate change.

This research paper examines the role of local financial institutions (LFIs) in Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania in scaling up financing for the Productive Use of Renewable Energy (PURE) sector. It identifies significant demand for PURE technologies, particularly in agriculture, but notes that high up-front costs and LFI constraints—such as limited staff capacity and credit risks—hinder adoption. The paper suggests that LFIs can expand lending through green bonds, climate fund accreditation, and by increasing direct lending from their own balance sheets, supported by blended finance and de-risking instruments from development partners.

This report introduces an updated geospatial database for clean energy solution providers in Tanzania, delivered via the Energy Access Explorer (EAE) software. The publication demonstrates how standardized, open-access data and multi-criteria analysis (MCA) can be used to identify market expansion opportunities and target investments for mini-grids and other off-grid energy solutions in rural and last-mile communities.

This policy note from the World Resources Institute outlines the causes and drivers of eutrophication, noting a significant increase in coastal dead zones and the primary role of human activities—specifically wastewater, agriculture, and fossil fuel combustion—in nutrient pollution.

This technical note describes a methodology used to analyze Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) investments in sub-Saharan Africa from 2012 to 2021. By scanning the portfolios of the World Bank and the African Development Bank, the study identified 85 projects with significant funding, particularly in Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, aimed at addressing water security and flooding while providing biodiversity and carbon sequestration benefits.

This briefing argues that scaling PAYG energy access in Kenya and Tanzania requires approximately one billion dollars and a shift toward local currency financing. It recommends that international DFIs and donors use credit guarantees and 'fund of funds' to encourage local commercial banks to lend to the sector, thereby reducing the current dominance of foreign-owned companies and lowering barriers for local entrepreneurs.

This research paper examines how land compensation and resettlement frameworks in Tanzania and Mozambique marginalize rural women. It finds that women are often excluded from decision-making and compensation payments due to subordinate household roles and legal gaps that ignore subsistence farming and communal resource use. The paper recommends mandatory joint compensation, gender quotas in governance, and legally binding commitments for infrastructure and employment to ensure gender equity.

This WRI fact sheet provides a regional overview of the 'Reefs at Risk Revisited' analysis for the Indian Ocean, detailing the extent of coral reefs, the human populations dependent on them, the prevalence of local and climate-related threats, and the effectiveness of existing marine protected areas.

This executive summary from the World Resources Institute details the threats facing global coral reefs, emphasizing the combined impact of local human activities and global climate change. It highlights the critical socio-economic value of reefs for millions of people and the inadequacy of current marine protected areas (MPAs) in ensuring reef resilience.

A World Resources Institute fact sheet identifying over two billion hectares of global potential for forest and landscape restoration, primarily in tropical and temperate regions. It distinguishes between wide-scale, mosaic, and remote restoration opportunities and emphasizes a holistic approach that integrates local stakeholders and diverse land uses to improve biodiversity, food security, and climate mitigation.

The WRI Results Framework is a strategic document that maps the organization's goals, intervention targets, and impact indicators across three primary human systems: food, land & water; energy; and cities. It establishes a hierarchy of results from global targets (by 2030) to WRI intervention targets (by 2027) and specific country-level targets, all designed to improve human well-being, protect nature, and tackle climate change.

This fact sheet from the World Resources Institute describes the threats facing global coral reefs, the socio-economic vulnerability of countries to reef loss, and the projected increase in threatened reefs if local and global pressures are not mitigated.

This World Resources Institute working paper reports on three workshops held in Asia, Africa, and Latin America to identify challenges developing countries face in monitoring and tracking climate finance. It details nine primary technical, political, and capacity barriers, ranging from inconsistent definitions and lack of institutional coordination to the limited transparency of development partners and the difficulty of tracking private financial data.

This briefing by Johan Rockström argues for a 'new green revolution' in agriculture to simultaneously address immediate poverty and long-term climate risks. The author proposes shifting focus from large-scale irrigation to small-scale rainfed agriculture and water harvesting, particularly in tropical regions, to increase food production and turn agriculture into a carbon sink.