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This report by Ember assesses the current state and future requirements of Europe's electricity interconnection. It finds that the EU is not on track to meet its 2030 interconnection targets, with 80% of the power system expected to miss the goal. To reach an optimal grid by 2040, Europe needs to nearly double its interconnection capacity, adding 151 GW, which requires an estimated €150 billion in investment. The report identifies a €30 billion public funding gap in the proposed Connecting Europe Facility for Energy (CEF-E) budget for 2028-2034, suggesting that this gap must be filled by EU loans and private funding to ensure energy security and cost-effectiveness.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics explores how decarbonisation can provide a competitive advantage for Polish businesses by reducing energy costs, improving productivity, and appealing to climate-conscious consumers. It highlights the financial risks associated with Poland's high-carbon energy mix, specifically the costs of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), and suggests that transitioning to renewables and energy efficiency can enhance national GDP and corporate profitability.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics argues that decarbonization is a strategic pathway for Polish enterprises to gain a competitive advantage by reducing energy costs, increasing productivity, and improving market positioning. It highlights the economic risks of Poland's high-emission energy mix, including high electricity and gas prices and significant EU ETS costs, while presenting opportunities through energy efficiency, renewable energy, and transparency in emissions reporting.

This policy brief presents insights from informal bilateral discussions conducted by Ember and the Slovak Foreign Policy Association (SFPA) with transmission system operators (TSOs) from six Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. The document examines CEE TSO perspectives on the European Commission's upcoming European Grids Package, highlighting a tension between the shared ambition to modernise grids and concerns regarding EU-level governance, funding complexity, and the perceived dominance of Western European interests in policy shaping.

The report 'Shockproof: how electrification can strengthen EU energy security' by Ember argues that accelerating the electrification of the EU economy, powered by homegrown renewables, is the primary mechanism to reduce the bloc's high dependency on imported fossil fuels. It suggests that fossil import dependency could be halved by 2040 through the adoption of mature technologies like electric vehicles and heat pumps.

This report by Ember examines the critical role of electricity interconnectors in maintaining European energy security, preventing blackouts, and mitigating the impact of geopolitical conflicts and sabotage. It argues that expanding and securing cross-border grid capacity is a vital element of protecting European society against hybrid warfare and technical failures.

This report by Ember analyzes the rapid growth of solar electricity generation in Central Europe (Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) from 2019 to 2024. It highlights how the region has outpaced the EU average in solar growth despite low political ambition and a historical reliance on coal, while also examining the region's role as a battery manufacturing hub and the current gaps in grid flexibility and storage deployment.

This report by Ember examines how major global steelmakers—specifically ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, and POSCO—often omit fugitive methane emissions from coal mining in their Scope 3 emissions reporting. The analysis highlights that reliance on blast furnace technology and the sourcing of coal from high-methane mines in Australia significantly increase the actual climate impact of these companies' value chains, often by percentages that would materially alter their reported greenhouse gas footprints.

In June 2025, solar power became the largest source of electricity in the European Union for the first time, generating 22.1% of the total power mix. This milestone coincided with record wind generation for May and June and a record low for coal's share of electricity generation.

This report by Ember analyses the impact of a June–July 2025 heatwave on European power systems, noting that while extreme temperatures drove up electricity demand and prices and caused thermal plant outages, record solar generation and storage helped maintain grid stability.

This document provides the sources and methodology for Ember's Europe Electricity Interconnection Data Tool. It details how the tool maps Bidding Zones to countries, calculates interconnection capacity (NTC), estimates import potential, and analyzes electricity flows and variable renewable energy (RES) penetration for 2024 and projected scenarios for 2030 and 2040.

The 'Sustainable Debt Global State of the Market 2024' report by the Climate Bonds Initiative provides a detailed analysis of aligned green, social, sustainability, and sustainability-linked (GSS+) debt as of the end of Q1 2025. It tracks cumulative volumes, quarterly trends, and the performance of various issuer types and sovereign nations, highlighting a total cumulative aligned volume of USD 5.9 trillion.

This report by Ember analyzes the final National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) of EU Member States to project the bloc's energy trajectory for 2030. The findings indicate a structural shift toward a cleaner, electrified economy characterized by declining gas demand and rising renewable energy generation, though some targets still fall short of REPowerEU ambitions.

Ember's response to the European Resource Adequacy Assessment (ERAA) 2025 consultation argues that the proposed input data underestimates the potential of clean flexibility and renewable energy while misrepresenting commodity prices, which could lead to overinvestment in fossil assets.

This briefing by Ember analyzes the energy security landscape of the Three Seas Initiative (3SI) ahead of its 10th annual summit in Warsaw. It argues that while 3SI countries have the infrastructure to fully eliminate Russian gas, there is a significant risk of creating 'stranded assets' through the overexpansion of LNG and pipeline capacity. The document advocates for a shift in focus toward a 2027 Russian gas phase-out, renewable energy deployment, and the creation of a 'Transmission Highway' to move clean power from coastlines to Central Europe.

The 'Türkiye Elektrik Görünümü 2025' report by Ember analyzes Turkey's electricity production and consumption for 2024, highlighting a pivotal shift where wind and solar generation surpassed domestic coal for the first time. While solar energy saw record growth, the report notes that the expansion of renewables is not yet keeping pace with rising electricity demand, which is increasingly driven by cooling needs during extreme heatwaves. The document also evaluates Turkey's new 2035 capacity targets and provides policy recommendations to overcome grid connection constraints.

The Türkiye Electricity Review 2025 by Ember analyzes Türkiye's electricity generation and consumption in 2024, highlighting a historic shift where wind and solar power permanently overtook domestic coal generation. While solar power saw record growth, the report notes that renewable deployment is still being outpaced by rising electricity demand, which is driven largely by record high temperatures and cooling needs.

The report 'Grandeur et Décadence 2025' by Global Energy Monitor and its partners analyzes the state of global coal-fired power plants in 2024. It highlights a paradoxical year where the world saw the lowest number of new coal capacity commissions in twenty years, yet record-breaking construction activity in China and India. While the European Union is accelerating coal retirements, other regions like Russia, Central Asia, and Mongolia continue to expand coal capacity, and some OECD nations like Japan and South Korea are extending coal use through ammonia co-firing.

The report 'Auge y caída del carbón 2025' by Global Energy Monitor analyzes global coal power trends in 2024, highlighting a record low in new capacity additions globally, despite significant construction surges in China and new proposals in India. It details the acceleration of coal phase-outs in the EU and the UK, while examining the persistence of coal subsidies in Brazil and the challenges of transitioning in other regions like Colombia and Southeast Asia.

The report argues that the European Union's 2020 hydrogen strategy was overly ambitious and requires recalibration to align with market realities. It advocates for a pragmatic, implementation-focused approach that prioritizes 'hard-to-electrify' sectors—such as steel, maritime, and fertilizers—while utilizing a combination of mandates ('sticks') and targeted funding ('carrots') to bridge the cost gap between renewable hydrogen and fossil-based alternatives.