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The author contends that the overturning of EPA waivers for California's car and truck standards is a temporary setback that should motivate states to accelerate the transition to zero-emissions vehicles. The document proposes a strategy involving legal challenges by California, the development of new rules like Advanced Clean Cars III, the adoption of standards by Section 177 states, and the implementation of Indirect Source Rules and Dirty Cargo Fees to address pollution hotspots.

The brief argues that the 'Wind Directive'—which suspends all federal wind permitting—violates the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) by deviating from established review processes without a reasoned explanation. Amici assert that wind power is a cost-effective, critical energy source with significant public health and climate benefits. They further argue that the directive's claims regarding wind energy's impact on whales and birds are scientifically unsupported, citing findings from NOAA and the GAO. Finally, the brief highlights a contradiction in federal policy, where the administration fast-tracks fossil fuel projects while blocking wind energy, despite the latter's superior economic and environmental profile.

The report evaluates the $27 billion Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF) as an economic development tool. Using the Energy Policy Simulator, Energy Innovation estimates that the fund's $24 billion in financial assistance will generate 36,000 to 41,000 annual jobs, $21.3 to $23.9 billion in wages (2025-2031), and $52 billion in consumer energy savings over 20 years. The GGRF operates through national-scale 'Green Banks' via the National Clean Investment Fund and local-level initiatives like the Solar For All and Clean Communities Investment Accelerator programs to mobilize private capital and support disadvantaged communities.

The SFY2025-26 New York State Budget provides significant funding for climate and water initiatives, including $1 billion for the Sustainable Future Program and a record $425 million for the Environmental Protection Fund. However, Earthjustice criticizes the budget for entirely omitting funding for the Energy Affordability Program and the NY HEAT Act, and for including amendments that weaken the Electric School Bus program.

The analysis reveals a significant increase in fire weather days across much of the contiguous U.S., with the western U.S. experiencing far more frequent fire weather than the east. While the western U.S. has seen strong increases, particularly in the Southwest during spring and summer, parts of the eastern U.S. have also seen impactful increases, especially in the Southeast and Northeast. The study emphasizes that while human activity causes 87% of wildfires, fire weather primes the landscape for these fires to ignite and spread.

Over 10 million US homes still rely on delivered fuels like oil and propane, which are expensive and polluting. Transitioning these households to air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) and heat pump water heaters (HPWHs) could save US customers nearly $8 billion annually in energy bills and significantly reduce carbon and air pollution. The document advocates for state-level policy changes, such as allowing fuel switching in utility energy efficiency programs and implementing clean heat standards, alongside targeted outreach and contractor training to support rural and low-income households.

The report argues that the private equity business model, characterized by high debt and a focus on short-term returns, is incompatible with the goals of value-based care (VBC). It details how three VBC companies—CareMax, Cano Health, and Clinical Care Medical Centers (CCMC)—filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2024 due to unsustainable debt levels. The document highlights that these companies served vulnerable dual-eligible Medicare and Medicaid populations and that their failures accelerated healthcare consolidation, as assets were bought by vertically integrated insurers like Humana. It concludes with policy recommendations to limit debt in leveraged buyouts and increase antitrust enforcement.

The Private Equity Stakeholder Project (PESP) testifies in support of Oregon SB 951, arguing that private equity firms use physician management companies (PMCs) to bypass laws prohibiting the corporate practice of medicine. Citing various studies, PESP claims that private equity involvement in physician practices leads to increased healthcare costs for patients and dangerous market consolidation. The document highlights that in some metropolitan statistical areas, a single private equity firm controls over 50% of the physician practice market, and argues that limiting PMC control by non-physicians is necessary to protect clinical decision-making and competition.

RMI's GridUp tool analyzes EV load growth in New York State, specifically within the service territories of Consolidated Edison and National Grid. The analysis indicates that unmanaged EV charging could overload several substation banks by 2035, but managed charging could reduce the EV contribution to system peak load by approximately 33 percent, potentially deferring costly infrastructure investments.

The U.S. public EV charging network grew more than six-fold between 2016 and 2025, reaching nearly 196,000 ports. While California leads in total numbers and northeastern states lead in density, significant coverage gaps remain in the southern, central, and plains regions. To support a projected 33 million EVs by 2030, the U.S. may need 1 million additional public chargers, including 170,000 DC fast chargers.

The analysis finds that approximately 2.5 million people and 1.4 million homes in the contiguous U.S. are at risk from a severe coastal flood by 2050 under current global carbon reduction commitments. Florida, New York, and New Jersey are the most affected states. The report highlights that older adults are disproportionately exposed, with 540,000 people aged 65 and older living in at-risk areas.

The report projects that by 2050, approximately 2.5 million people in 1.4 million homes across the contiguous U.S. will be at risk from severe coastal floods under the SSP2-4.5 pollution pathway. Florida, New York, and New Jersey face the highest risks in terms of population and housing, while Louisiana has the largest land area at risk. New York City is identified as the city with the highest number of people at risk. The analysis highlights that older adults and socially vulnerable populations are disproportionately exposed to these risks.

The report argues that current US energy efficiency programs are overly complex, resulting in low participation rates (0.5% to 3% of households) and significant barriers for low-to-moderate income (LMI) families. To drive heat pump adoption and meet climate targets, the document recommends simplifying incentive structures (e.g., using $/unit instead of $/BTUh), aligning equipment specifications with federal standards like ENERGY STAR, and providing up-front discounts with prompt contractor reimbursement. It emphasizes the need for long-term funding (3-5 years), market development through workforce training, and a 'climate-forward' framework that prioritizes greenhouse gas reductions over simple energy savings. For equity, it suggests partnering with community-based organizations, setting LMI-specific budget targets, and funding pre-electrification measures like electrical panel upgrades.

The report examines the potential of advanced transmission technologies (ATTs), including grid-enhancing technologies (GETs) and advanced conductors, to expand US grid capacity. While pilots have demonstrated success—such as increasing capacity by 40% in the Midwest—widespread adoption is hindered by risk aversion, financial disincentives, a lack of integration into planning processes, and poor cross-utility coordination. The author suggests that large corporate energy users can accelerate deployment through policy advocacy at federal and state levels and by leveraging their influence to catalyze collaboration across different utility service territories.

The report analyzes the US synthetic nitrogen fertilizer market, which is highly centralized with 71% of capacity held by four producers. It evaluates seven ammonia production pathways, ranging from mature 'blue ammonia' (SMR with CCS) to lab-scale electrochemical and photochemical methods. The document identifies key barriers to green ammonia adoption, including high financing risks, lack of industrial standards, and the absence of long-term offtake agreements from farmers. It highlights state-level incentives in North Dakota, Minnesota, Illinois, New York, and Michigan, alongside federal support via the Inflation Reduction Act's 45V clean hydrogen production tax credit, which offers up to $3/kg of hydrogen.

The document argues that repealing federal technology-neutral electricity tax credits (§45Y and §48E) would significantly increase household energy bills across the United States. Drawing on analyses from multiple research groups, it estimates that national annual household energy bills would rise by $40–$60 in 2030, $56–$150 in 2035, and $140–$220 by 2040. The report highlights that these credits lower costs by reducing investment expenses for wind, solar, battery, nuclear, and geothermal projects, savings which utilities are regulated to pass on to consumers. Repeal would likely lead to substantial price hikes in specific states, with some households facing increases over $500 annually.

The U.S. clean energy sector saw record solar and battery storage installations in 2024, with renewables accounting for approximately 90% of new capacity. However, progress is hindered by grid interconnection backlogs, rising local opposition, high interest rates, and supply chain shortages. The report also notes a slowdown in EV sales growth and warns that the Trump administration's policies may create further roadblocks to decarbonization.

The report examines the technical and institutional challenges of maintaining grid reliability in the United States as fossil fuel plants retire and demand grows from data centers and electrification. It argues that reliability does not require traditional baseload power but can be achieved through a combination of wind, solar, battery storage, and demand-side flexibility. The authors highlight that while 80-90% clean electricity is achievable with current technology, reaching 100% may require 'clean firm' resources like enhanced geothermal or advanced nuclear. Key recommendations include reforming interconnection queues, expanding interregional transmission, and implementing performance-based incentives for utilities to prioritize demand-side solutions.

The document outlines a framework for evaluating the economic impact of transmission infrastructure, focusing on three primary benefit categories: congestion relief, resource adequacy, and public policy savings. It describes the specific calculations used for these benefits, the financial models applied to different ownership structures (investor-owned, public power, and merchant developers), and compares the results against original project projections for three specific case studies. The authors acknowledge several conservatisms in their approach, including the exclusion of certain benefit categories and the use of isolated line capacity estimates rather than complex power flow simulations.

The report analyzes the environmental, health, and economic impacts of medium- and heavy-duty vehicle (MHDV) pollution in the US and advocates for an accelerated transition to battery-electric trucks. It highlights that while MHDVs make up a small fraction of road vehicles, they contribute a disproportionate share of NOx, PM2.5, and greenhouse gas emissions. The document argues that battery-electric vehicles (BETs) are technically and economically superior to hydrogen fuel-cell alternatives for most duty cycles. It details the role of state policies like California's Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) regulation and federal investments from the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in driving adoption. The report concludes with recommendations for expanding charging infrastructure, implementing indirect source rules for warehouses, and maintaining high-road labor standards during the transition.