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This research paper examines the limited role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in addressing fossil fuel subsidies despite the mandates of the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda. It analyzes the compatibility of specific G20 fossil fuel support measures with the 1994 Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and proposes five avenues for international trade policy reform.

This report by the NewClimate Institute evaluates the progress of G20 countries in transitioning from fossil-fuel-based economies to low-carbon, climate-resilient ones, highlighting a significant gap between current national commitments and the goals of the Paris Agreement.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines how G20 governments can reform public support for fossil fuels to align with the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals. It provides eight case studies of reforms in consumption and production subsidies, public financing, and taxation, while offering a framework for transitioning public funds toward clean energy and social needs.

The Allianz Climate and Energy Monitor 2017 ranks G20 member states on their attractiveness for low-carbon electricity infrastructure investments and assesses their investment needs to meet Paris Agreement temperature limits. While OECD countries like Germany, the UK, and France remain the most attractive destinations due to stable policy frameworks, emerging markets such as China, India, and South Africa show significant growth in renewable installations but face high investment needs to create climate-resilient power infrastructure.

This policy brief from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) provides recommendations for G20 countries to reform fossil fuel subsidies. It advocates for the use of voluntary peer review processes to increase transparency, the establishment of an ambitious and defined timetable for phasing out inefficient subsidies, and the implementation of targeted support to protect the poorest populations during the transition.

This report examines how increased transparency and a two-track approach—combining domestic accounting improvements with an international data-gathering regime—can accelerate the reform of fossil-fuel subsidies to support climate change and sustainable development goals.

This guide details the methodology used by Ember for its monthly wind and solar capacity dataset, which as of March 20, 2026, covers 25 countries and regions representing approximately 92% of global solar and 91% of global wind capacity.

This fact sheet outlines a blueprint for a fossil-free recovery, arguing that G20 governments should stop funding fossil fuel production and instead use revenues from subsidy reforms and taxes—potentially USD 553 billion annually—to fund clean energy, energy efficiency, and universal energy access. It emphasizes the need for private investment in clean electricity and a just transition involving workers, employers, and governments.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute analyzes COVID-19 recovery packages from G20 countries to assess their alignment with the Paris Agreement. The authors developed a typology of policies and interventions to guide decision-makers toward a greener recovery, finding that most initial stimulus actions favored business-as-usual (BAU) investments over climate-resilient pathways.

This research paper, produced by the World Resources Institute and UNDP for the G20 Climate and Sustainability Working Group, argues that Long-Term Strategies (LTSs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are synergistic tools essential for achieving Paris Agreement goals and fostering sustainable economic growth within G20 nations.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and Climate Analytics evaluates how the climate commitments of G20 countries influence the global goal of limiting temperature rise to 1.5°C, concluding that while current pledges are insufficient, ambitious G20 action could limit warming to 1.7°C.