cómo reformar el apoyo público a los combustibles fósiles

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines how G20 governments can reform public support for fossil fuels to align with the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals. It provides eight case studies of reforms in consumption and production subsidies, public financing, and taxation, while offering a framework for transitioning public funds toward clean energy and social needs.

• G20 governments continue to provide massive public support for fossil fuels despite international commitments. In 2014, consumption subsidies in the G20 reached US$ 354 billion, while annual national subsidies for production were estimated at at least US$ 70 billion during 2013/14.
• Indonesia provides a successful example of consumption subsidy reform, saving US$ 15.6 billion in 2015 by removing non-targeted subsidies for gasoline and diesel. These savings were reinvested into public services including health insurance, low-income housing, and water access.
• Production subsidy reforms in Canada and Argentina resulted in annual savings of US$ 260 million and US$ 780 million, respectively. However, both nations still maintain various forms of government support for fossil fuel companies in early production stages.
• The European Union committed to phasing out environmentally harmful subsidies by 2020. In Germany, Spain, and the Czech Republic, between 75% and 99% of support previously allocated to coal was redirected toward a just transition for workers and communities and the remediation of mining sites.
• Public financial institutions, including multilateral development banks, provided an annual average of US$ 72 billion to the fossil fuel sector globally between 2013 and 2015. While some funding for coal has decreased, loans and guarantees continue to support fossil fuel infrastructure.
• State-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China, India, and Sweden have begun diversifying investments away from coal mining and fossil-fuel power generation toward renewable energy. Despite this, the International Energy Agency reports that SOEs generally play an increasing role in global fossil fuel investment.
• Increasing taxation on fossil fuels can generate significant fiscal space. India implemented a 'Clean Energy Cess' on coal and lignite from fiscal year 2010/11 to 2017, collecting US$ 12 billion, part of which funded renewable energy technologies.
• The report recommends that G20 countries adopt concrete deadlines for reform by 2020, implement protections for vulnerable groups, conduct peer reviews of subsidies, and redirect the resulting fiscal space toward social needs and low-carbon infrastructure.

APA

Gerasimchuk, I., Whitley, S., Beaton, C., Bridle, R., Doukas, A., Di Paola, M. M., & Touchette, Y. (2018). cómo reformar el apoyo público a los combustibles fósiles. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/stories-g20-shifting-public-money-out-fossil-fuels-es.pdf

Chicago

Gerasimchuk, Ivetta, Shelagh Whitley, Christopher Beaton, Richard Bridle, Alex Doukas, Maria Marta Di Paola, and Yanick Touchette. cómo reformar el apoyo público a los combustibles fósiles. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2018. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/stories-g20-shifting-public-money-out-fossil-fuels-es.pdf.

Wikipedia

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BibTeX

@techreport{gerasimchuk2018cmo, author = {Gerasimchuk, Ivetta and Whitley, Shelagh and Beaton, Christopher and Bridle, Richard and Doukas, Alex and Di Paola, Maria Marta and Touchette, Yanick}, title = {{cómo reformar el apoyo público a los combustibles fósiles}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2018}, month = nov, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/stories-g20-shifting-public-money-out-fossil-fuels-es.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }