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The document examines the role of energy cooperatives in the European energy transition, highlighting the Middleground offshore wind farm in Copenhagen as a successful model of community-led decarbonization. It argues that such cooperatives foster 'energy democracy' by combining local financial investment with social capital, though they face barriers like limited capital access and monopolistic competition. The author calls for the European Commission to integrate specific support mechanisms for community energy projects into the EU's legal and investment frameworks to ensure a just and sustainable transition.

Reclaim Finance argues that Barclays is a leading global financier of coal and fossil fuels, providing over $27 billion to coal companies between 2018 and 2020. The statement criticizes the bank's current policies for allowing the funding of companies with coal expansion plans and calls for a full exit from coal by 2030 in EU/OECD countries and 2040 worldwide.

The authors contend that the transition to renewable energy technologies, such as wind turbines and solar panels, relies on destructive mineral extraction that mirrors the harmful patterns of the fossil fuel era. Through initiatives like the WINDPLAN and Green Curses and Violent Conflicts projects, the researchers examine socio-environmental conflicts and protests against renewable projects in Norway, Uganda, Chile, and Bolivia. They argue that energy justice must move beyond simply increasing energy access to addressing the imbalances and contestations caused by the green transition's global value chain.

The report finds that while post-issuance UoP reporting is widespread, impact reporting is less common and highly unstandardised. It highlights a positive correlation between reporting availability and the presence of external reviews, particularly post-issuance reviews. The analysis reveals that larger issuers and more mature markets generally report more frequently, though average quality scores remain relatively constant across deal sizes. The document argues for a shift toward a common global reporting framework and the use of absolute rather than relative metrics to provide a holistic view of environmental performance.

The document outlines the development of eligibility criteria for electrical grids and storage to align bond investments with a 1.5°C warming scenario. It details the decision to adopt EU taxonomy criteria for transmission and distribution, the rationale for applying similar constraints to energy storage, and the requirements for climate resilience and adaptation.

The document analyzes the drivers of protests against pandemic restrictions across Europe, Germany, and the US. It finds that protest intensity is influenced by the perceived asynchronicity between mortality rates and policy stringency, levels of trust in government, and political polarization. In Europe, higher trust and lower civil liberties correlate with fewer protests. In Germany, districts with lower support for mainstream parties saw more protests, particularly in the East. In the US, protest intensity was higher in Democratic-governed states, driven both by stricter measures and political polarization.

The document analyzes how socio-economic disadvantages drive air pollution and increase vulnerability to its health impacts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, highlighting the specific risks faced by women, the elderly, and Roma communities.

The report examines the challenges of transboundary air pollution in Northeast Asia and compares the region's current cooperation frameworks with the successful models of the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) and the USA-Canada Air Quality Agreement. While Northeast Asian countries have implemented strong national measures, regional cooperation remains limited to data sharing and lacks binding emission targets. The authors propose a strategy based on three pillars: building scientific consensus, sharing best practices, and promoting technology cooperation to foster trust and reduce pollutants.

Reclaim Finance argues that Engie is failing its climate ambitions by converting coal power plants to gas and biomass rather than transitioning to sustainable renewables. The document highlights specific conversions in Chile and a proposed gas project in Italy as evidence of a lack of strategic vision, while noting that Engie's current SBTi-certified target of 2°C is insufficient compared to the required 1.5°C trajectory.

A coalition of NGOs calls on Total shareholders to reject the company's climate strategy and leadership, citing insufficient emission reduction targets, planned increases in hydrocarbon production, and a lack of transparency regarding Scope 3 emissions.

The author argues that the Net-Zero Banking Alliance (NZBA) is a 'glossy initiative' that prioritizes image over action. While the author welcomes the commitment to use low-overshoot decarbonisation scenarios and a conservative approach to negative emissions technologies, they highlight critical flaws: a three-year window until 2024 for banks to publish emissions reduction plans and the absence of explicit requirements to end coal financing or stop funding fossil fuel expansion. The text notes that 15 of the largest banks in the NZBA have provided US$ 1.2 trillion to fossil fuels since 2016, specifically citing Barclays and BNP Paribas. The author concludes that net-zero targets for 2050 are insufficient without immediate measures to phase out fossil fuel financing.

The We Mean Business coalition highlights the role of corporate advocacy in the US government's decision to increase its 2030 emission reduction target to 50-52% below 2005 levels. The statement emphasizes that over 400 businesses and investors, representing $4 trillion in annual revenue, urged this increase to provide the policy clarity needed for private sector investment in a zero-carbon economy. It further calls for other global economies to align their NDCs with the 1.5ºC trajectory to maintain economic competitiveness.

Carbon Market Watch argues against the use of 'net' targets in the EU Climate Law, asserting that carbon removals from forests cannot replace the need for gross emission reductions. The organization advocates for a 65% reduction in emissions by 2030 and the exclusion of carbon removals from the EU carbon market to prevent big emitters from using offsets to avoid cutting pollution.

Reclaim Finance criticizes Société Générale for participating in a 1 billion euro loan to the EPH group, alleging that the bank uses semantic loopholes in its exclusion policy to continue financing coal-heavy entities. The document highlights that EPH produces 40 million tonnes of coal annually, far exceeding the bank's 10 million tonne threshold, yet avoids exclusion because the policy targets extraction entities rather than parent companies. The author warns that this approach could also allow the financing of other mining giants like Glencore and notes that other banks in the EPH consortium, such as UniCredit and ING, may be acting inconsistently with their own coal exit schedules.

The policy brief outlines a framework for cooperation between the African Union (AU) and the European Union (EU) to leverage green transitions for sustainable growth and climate resilience. It identifies six key areas for action: energy transitions, the circular economy, trade, agricultural adaptation, climate diplomacy, and financial instruments. The authors emphasize that while the EU aims for carbon neutrality by 2050, African priorities focus on poverty reduction and adaptation. The brief recommends that the EU avoid creating new trade barriers, such as carbon border taxes for Least Developed Countries (LDCs), and instead invest in green infrastructure, sustainable waste management, and grant-based adaptation funding to ensure a socially inclusive transition.

The authors contend that human rights law is often underutilised or dismissed as unfit for contemporary challenges because it is viewed primarily as a tool for individual protection against state interference. They argue for a shift toward recognizing 'positive obligations'—the duty of states to actively protect rights—to address collective crises. By citing climate litigation in the Netherlands, Ireland, and France, as well as food security cases in India, the text demonstrates how legal frameworks can hold governments accountable for failing to meet their obligations, thereby bridging the gap between political aspiration and concrete action.

The author argues that the term 'climate refugee' is legally inaccurate and oversimplifies the multi-causal nature of migration, where climate change acts as a 'threat multiplier'. The text disputes the narrative of mass migration from the Global South to Europe, noting that most climate-induced movement is internal. It suggests that planned, voluntary migration can be a 'triple win' for migrants, origin communities, and destination areas. The document calls for integrated governance and the use of tools like the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration to address displacement.

The document examines the potential for "debt-for-climate" swaps as a mechanism to provide budgetary relief to developing countries while funding climate mitigation and adaptation. It argues that while these swaps are not a universal solution and must supplement general macroeconomic stabilisation, they offer mutual benefits for debtors and creditors. The authors propose a selection framework based on economic need, emissions potential, climate ambition, and governance capacity. Applying these criteria, the paper identifies several Small Island Developing States (SIDS)—including Dominica, Granada, Samoa, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Tonga—as well as Bhutan and Rwanda, as promising candidates for such initiatives. However, the authors note a trade-off: while these countries are highly suitable, their low emissions mean the global impact on emissions would be smaller compared to including larger emerging economies.

Colombia is integrating just transition principles into national planning documents and partnerships with the ILO and UNDP, aiming for a national strategy by 2023. However, the country faces a tension between these goals and its continued economic reliance on coal exports and fossil fuel revenues to fund its peace process.

The document outlines the role of zero-carbon fuels (ZCF), primarily hydrogen and ammonia, in achieving net-zero greenhouse gas targets. It identifies transportation and industry as key demand drivers and evaluates production pathways, including electrolysis and fossil-based reforming with carbon capture and storage (CCS). The guide highlights that while electrolysis is commercially available, 'blue' hydrogen (fossil CCS) currently provides significant scale, with some projects in the US and Canada already operational.