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This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies examines the incidence, magnitude, and control of money laundering in Southern Africa. It analyzes predicate crimes—primarily drug trafficking and corruption—the role of informal remittance systems, and the legislative and institutional challenges facing the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region in implementing anti-money laundering frameworks.

This report evaluates the legislative and institutional capacity of several East and Southern African countries—specifically Botswana, Kenya, Lesotho, and Malawi—to detect and control money laundering and terrorist financing. It identifies systemic weaknesses, including a lack of dedicated anti-money laundering (AML) laws in some states, poor inter-agency cooperation, and the vulnerability of both formal and informal financial sectors to the laundering of proceeds from corruption, drug trafficking, and organized crime.

This research paper examines the political and military instability in the North and South Kivu provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) following the May and June 2004 unrest in Bukavu. It analyzes the military campaign led by General Laurent Nkunda, the role of the Transition Government (TG), the influence of Rwanda, and the manipulation of ethnic tensions involving the Tutsi and Banyamulenge communities.

This research paper, presented by Maj Gen C. Gagiano to the South African Air Force in 2004, examines the application of air power within the asymmetric security landscape of 21st-century Africa. It argues for a shift in air power doctrine from a technology-driven focus on air superiority and destruction toward a holistic approach that emphasizes mobility, surveillance, and the human dimensions of conflict to promote regional security.

This situation report analyzes the stability of the Democratic Republic of the Congo's transition government one year after its inauguration. It details a deepening crisis characterized by military rebellion in the east led by General Laurent Nkunda, internal political infighting among the three main belligerent components (PPRD, RCD-G, and MLC), and significant delays in critical reforms such as the reintegration of the national army.

This research paper examines popular perceptions of the diamond industry in Angola's Lunda Norte and Lunda Sul provinces following the end of the civil war in 2002. It argues that while the 'conflict diamond' era associated with UNITA has ended, the industry remains characterized by state-sponsored exploitation, human rights abuses, and a lack of social investment for local populations.

This report provides an update on the transitional period in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), focusing on the Kivu provinces as of May 2004. It details the failure of the Transitional Government (TG) to unify military and administrative structures, the persistence of violence and poverty, and the ongoing tensions surrounding the nationality of the Banyarwanda and the influence of Rwanda.

This research paper examines the challenges facing internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees in Angola following the April 2002 ceasefire that ended 27 years of civil war. It analyzes the gap between the government's legal framework for resettlement and the actual conditions on the ground, highlighting systemic failures in protection, resource allocation, and the prioritization of former combatants over vulnerable civilians.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies argues that for peace to be sustainable in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), civilians—particularly women, children, refugees, and internally displaced persons—must be transitioned from being viewed merely as 'victims' to being recognized as active 'stakeholders' in the peace process.

This 2004 report by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) examines the experiences of South African firms expanding into other African markets. It identifies systemic structural challenges—such as political risk, corruption, and poor infrastructure—while highlighting the growth of South African investment in sectors like banking, telecommunications, retail, and mining. The document provides specific case studies on Uganda, Morocco, Mozambique, and Ghana to illustrate the diverse operating environments across the continent.

This report details the outcomes of a three-day workshop on 'Supporting Protected Areas in Times of Violent Conflict' held during the 5th IUCN World Parks Congress in Durban, South Africa, in September 2003. Co-organized by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) under a UNDP-supported initiative, the workshop focused on the bidirectional relationship between protected areas and violent conflict, identifying best practices for management during crises and the role of conservation in peace-building and post-conflict reconstruction.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies examines the intersection of anti-personnel landmines and the development of peacekeeping standby forces in Africa. It analyzes the operational challenges posed by landmines in irregular African conflicts, the progress of the Ottawa Convention across the continent, and the specific legislative and policy frameworks adopted by South Africa and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) to combat mine proliferation.

This report, published by the South African Institute of International Affairs in October 2003, examines the critical state of transport, financial, and social infrastructure within the Southern African Development Community (SADC). It argues that poor management and political apathy, rather than just physical decay, hinder regional economic competitiveness and integration.

This April 2003 briefing by the Institute for Security Studies describes the severe humanitarian and political crisis in Burundi. It details the impact of prolonged conflict since 1993, including massive internal displacement, refugee crises in Tanzania, and a fragile food security situation exacerbated by drought. The document argues that humanitarian deterioration and political instability are mutually reinforcing, with peace prospects hindered by elite power struggles and the lack of a comprehensive ceasefire.

This research paper by David H. Shinn analyzes Sudan's strategic position in Africa, focusing on its internal civil war, the economic impact of oil, and its complex bilateral relations with its nine neighboring countries as of March 2003.

The first issue of the SADC Barometer, published by the South African Institute of International Affairs in March 2003, evaluates the Southern African Development Community's (SADC) internal restructuring, regional security integration, and economic convergence. The report highlights significant disparities between South Africa and other member states, the impact of HIV/AIDS on food security, and the challenges of implementing a regional Free Trade Area (FTA) amidst non-tariff barriers and political instability in countries like Zimbabwe.

This research paper by Nandile Ngubentombi examines South Africa's foreign policy toward Swaziland and Zimbabwe, focusing on the use of 'quiet diplomacy' and 'persuasive diplomacy' to address political crises and human rights abuses. The author analyzes why South Africa's approach differs between the two nations, noting that while both suffer from tyrannical leadership and political suppression, Zimbabwe's larger economic scale makes its instability a greater regional threat, whereas Swaziland's smaller size results in less regional concern despite its absolute monarchy.

This research paper analyzes South Africa's foreign policy toward Zimbabwe from 1994 to 2002, arguing that Zimbabwe has been of marginal interest to Pretoria despite deep historical, economic, and security links. The author identifies three phases of policy: an initial lack of specific policy, a period of brinkmanship and frustration (1994–1999), and a subsequent 'twin-track' approach of constructive engagement and containment starting in 2000. The paper highlights the economic devastation in Zimbabwe following the lapse of a 1964 Customs Agreement and the failure of the two nations to establish a cohesive regional security mechanism within SADC.

This research paper examines the evolution of international criminal law in the early 21st century, focusing on the impact of the tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia. The author analyzes the subsequent efforts to establish specialized courts in Sierra Leone, Cambodia, and East Timor, while arguing that the proliferation of ad hoc tribunals may promote selective justice and that a permanent International Criminal Court is necessary to end the 'culture of impunity'.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes the political and economic state of Zimbabwe ninety days after the June 2000 parliamentary elections. It details the rise of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), the ruling ZANU-PF's loss of its two-thirds parliamentary majority, and a severe economic crisis exacerbated by the 'fast track' land resettlement programme and military intervention in the Democratic Republic of Congo.