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This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute describes how integrating the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) and Water Evaluation and Adaptation Planning (WEAP) tools, alongside macroeconomic modelling, allows governments to plan for climate-resilient development by analyzing the interdependencies between water and energy systems.

This report details a July 2014 workshop in Buenos Aires, Argentina, titled 'Hydroenergy and Climate Change,' which aimed to frame global change research questions regarding hydropower development and water-energy futures in South America, with a specific focus on the Uruguay River Basin.

This research paper outlines the critical role of the water-energy nexus in urban planning, highlighting how urbanization, climate change, and economic globalization create pressures that require resilience-based management and further research into waste and resource recovery.

This guide by the World Resources Institute provides a framework for integrating water considerations into Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to improve climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.

This research paper quantifies the water-energy nexus (WEN) of Beijing, analyzing resource consumption both within and beyond its geographic boundaries to inform resource utilization and regional development.

This technical note by the World Resources Institute proposes a three-step methodology to estimate water withdrawal and consumption for thermal power plants in data-scarce regions. The approach integrates the visual identification of cooling and fuel types via satellite imagery with empirical water-use factors. When tested against 200 U.S. power plants, the method demonstrated high precision in identifying technology and fuel types, though it faced more challenges in accurately estimating water demand for specific cooling systems.

The Water: Market Intelligence Report 2016 by GreenCape identifies business opportunities within the green economy of the Western Cape, South Africa. It details the region's water-stressed status, the institutional framework of water management, and specific technological opportunities in desalination, water reclamation, and resource recovery. The report emphasizes the need for integrated water resource management to prevent water demand from surpassing supply by 2019 in the Western Cape Water Supply System.

This research paper integrates basin-scale models to analyze the impact of climate variability on water and electricity demand and supply in Sacramento, California, specifically examining the nexus between these resources across residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural sectors.

This 2014 policy report by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the water-energy nexus, specifically focusing on the sustainability of hydropower and bioenergy. It analyzes the environmental and social trade-offs of these energy sources, provides a detailed case study of Sweden's hydropower experience, and offers strategic recommendations for development assistance organizations supporting private sector bioenergy projects in developing countries.

This policy brief describes the integration of the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) and Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) systems to analyze the water-energy-climate nexus. Using a case study in California, the document demonstrates how integrated modeling can quantify the tradeoffs between reducing water imports through desalination and the resulting increases in electricity demand and greenhouse gas emissions.

This discussion brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute argues for a 'nexus' approach to climate change in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, emphasizing the critical interdependence of water and energy planning for effective mitigation and adaptation.

This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the viability of hydroelectric power as a low-carbon energy source for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) under the framework of "development without carbon" (DWC). It analyzes the intersection of energy needs, water availability, and climate change, highlighting how shifting precipitation and glacial retreat threaten hydropower reliability. The document advocates for integrated planning using the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) and Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) tools to manage the water-energy nexus.

This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the viability of hydroelectric power as a low-carbon energy source for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) under the framework of "development without carbon" (DWC). It analyzes the region's significant untapped hydropower potential against the risks posed by climate change, such as glacier retreat and precipitation uncertainty, and proposes the integration of WEAP and LEAP modeling tools to manage energy-water tradeoffs.

This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute and Synapse Energy Economics models the water-energy nexus in the eleven-state Western Electric Coordinating Council (WECC) through 2100. It examines how different electricity generation pathways—ranging from business-as-usual to aggressive carbon and water reductions—impact water consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and system costs. The analysis concludes that while power plants require water, their total consumption is significantly lower than agricultural and urban use, suggesting the water-energy nexus is a secondary driver of regional water stress compared to other sectors.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute examines the interdependent relationship between water and energy resources in the Southeastern United States. It highlights how electric power production relies heavily on freshwater for cooling, while water treatment and heating require significant energy, proposing policy priorities to improve efficiency in both sectors.

This fact sheet from the World Resources Institute examines the interdependence of energy and water systems in Florida, detailing the water requirements of power generation and the energy costs associated with water treatment and heating.

This fact sheet from the World Resources Institute, based on an April 2009 issue brief, outlines the interdependence of water and energy systems in Georgia. It highlights the significant water requirements of thermoelectric power plants and the energy costs associated with water heating and treatment, while proposing policy priorities to improve efficiency and resource management.

This fact sheet from the World Resources Institute, based on a 2009 issue brief, examines the interdependence of energy and water resources in South Carolina, highlighting the high water demand of thermoelectric power and the energy costs associated with water treatment and heating.

This fact sheet from the World Resources Institute outlines the interdependence of water and energy in Tennessee, highlighting the high volume of freshwater used for thermoelectric power and proposing policy priorities to improve efficiency and resource management.

This fact sheet by the Centre for Environmental Rights details the estimated annual water-related externality costs for the Kusile coal-fired power station and argues that the Draft Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity (2016) misrepresents the total costs of coal by failing to account for these externalities.