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This discussion paper by the NewClimate Institute evaluates scope 3 accounting practices in the technology sector and provides recommendations for standard-setting bodies including the GHG Protocol, ISO, and SBTi to ensure corporate emissions reductions reflect real-world decarbonisation.

This briefing by RMI and the Center for Green Market Activation (GMA) outlines the challenges of decarbonizing the chemicals sector and proposes a strategy combining demand aggregation and 'book and claim' systems to unlock investment in low-emissions production technologies.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines the implications of an International Court of Justice (ICJ) advisory opinion on climate change, specifically regarding the requirement to include downstream emissions from fossil fuel combustion in Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs).

This briefing from the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines the implications of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) Advisory Opinion on the Obligations of States in Respect of Climate Change for Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs). It specifically focuses on the requirement for states to include end-use emissions from fossil fuels in their assessments to comply with international law and reduce legal risk.

The 'Book and Claim Framework for the Iron and Steel Sector' by RMI establishes a system for decoupling environmental attributes from the physical flow of low-emissions iron and steel. It provides a structured approach for the verification, issuance, transfer, and retirement of Book-and-Claim Units (BCUs), enabling buyers to support decarbonization when physical procurement of green steel is impractical. The framework aligns with ResponsibleSteel (RS) standards and introduces a dual functional-unit system for both iron and crude steel to incentivize decarbonization across the value chain.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes the implications of the July 2025 International Court of Justice (ICJ) Advisory Opinion on the Obligations of States in Respect of Climate Change for Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs). The document focuses on the ICJ's ruling that EIAs for fossil fuel extraction projects must now account for end-use emissions from the combustion of the extracted fuels, moving beyond previous focuses on operational emissions.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes the implications of a July 2025 International Court of Justice (ICJ) advisory opinion on climate change, specifically regarding Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs). The document highlights the ICJ's ruling that EIAs for fossil fuel extraction projects must now account for end-use emissions (Scope 3, category 11), moving beyond just the emissions from extraction activities. It examines national and regional legal precedents, the subsequent influence on courts such as the European Court of Human Rights, and provides recommendations for states to update their legislation to mitigate legal risks.

The Centre for Environmental Rights and Natural Justice, representing several community and environmental networks, submitted formal objections to the Scoping Report for the Motuoane Production Right application. The project proposes hydrocarbon exploration and extraction over approximately 14,400 hectares in the Free State Province, involving up to 43 production wells and associated infrastructure. The objectors argue that the Scoping Report is deficient in its assessments of air quality, climate change, hydrogeology, and social impacts, and that the public participation process was not meaningful.

This research paper proposes a new multi-statement reporting framework to address the inability of current Scope 3 greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting methods to accurately reflect the real-world impacts of specific corporate climate actions.

This briefing, produced by a coalition of climate litigation practitioners, provides structured 'Litigation Notes' to help lawyers integrate the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) July 23, 2025, advisory opinion (AO) on States' climate obligations into legal cases. This specific note focuses on corporate conduct, detailing how the ICJ AO establishes State duties to regulate private actors, particularly in the fossil fuel industry, to prevent significant environmental harm.

RMI and the Center for Green Market Activation (GMA) are launching a pilot book-and-claim procurement system to reduce Scope 3 emissions in the food supply chain. The initiative allows food and beverage companies to purchase Environmental Attribute Certificates (EACs) to financially support low-emission fertilizer projects, bypassing the fragmented supply chain and providing producers with the revenue certainty needed to scale green ammonia and other low-carbon technologies.

The NewClimate Institute provides feedback on the second draft of the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Corporate Net-Zero Standard v2.0 (CNZS v2.0), noting improvements while highlighting remaining gaps in transparency, integrity, and scientific alignment.

RMI piloted three methodologies for accounting for aviation contrails in corporate travel, finding that a 'bottom-up' flight-specific approach is significantly more accurate than standard static multipliers. The pilots revealed that roughly 2% of flights cause 80% of contrail impacts, with higher risks during winter and nighttime. The report advocates for data-driven travel policies and alignment with emerging regulations, such as the EU's MRV framework, to reduce the total climate impact of aviation.

This report by Ember assesses the climate impact of methane emissions from Australian coking coal extraction on major steelmakers in the EU, Japan, and South Korea. It highlights a significant gap in Scope 3 emissions reporting, noting that methane from Australian coal can add 10-17% to the short-term climate impact of blast furnace-based steelmaking, with some 'super-emitting' mines potentially doubling this impact. The report argues that cutting coal mine methane is a cost-effective near-term decarbonisation step and warns of regulatory risks under the EU Methane Regulation.

This briefing by RMI argues that the "Pennsylvania Plus" (Penn+) region is uniquely positioned to become a hub for an emissions-differentiated gas market. The region possesses a strong combination of low-methane gas supply, developed market infrastructure, and a supportive regulatory environment, though it currently faces a gap where the supply of low-leakage gas exceeds buyer demand.

The Centre for Environmental Rights, on behalf of MACUA and MEJCON-SA and jointly with Natural Justice, submitted formal objections to the Motuoane Exploration Right 386 application. The submission argues that the project's scoping report is deficient in its assessment of climate change, air quality, and groundwater impacts, and that the public participation process was exclusionary and legally inadequate.

The NewClimate Institute provides feedback on the Science Based Targets initiative's (SBTi) draft Corporate Net-Zero Standard (CNZS) v2.0, noting significant advances while identifying critical areas for improvement regarding transparency, integrity, and reporting requirements.

This briefing by RMI argues for the establishment of a standardized near-zero emissions threshold for iron production to stimulate investment and trade in decarbonized steel. It proposes a threshold of 350 kgCO2e/t iron and suggests implementing a 'book and claim' market mechanism to connect corporate buyers with clean iron producers, overcoming the complexities of multi-tiered supply chains.

The report advocates for the adoption of transition-specific alignment targets—sector-specific metrics such as zero-emission vehicle sales—to complement greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets and address the limitations of current scope 3 emission tracking.

The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) provides a response to the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) consultation regarding updated Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) guidance for offshore operators. This guidance follows a British Supreme Court ruling in Finch v Surrey County Council, which mandated that planning authorities assess "downstream" greenhouse gas emissions for fossil fuel projects.