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The report 'Jakarta Bukan untuk Semua Orang' critiques the current state of mobility in Jakarta, where traffic congestion and inadequate public transport create significant financial and health burdens for citizens. It argues that the classification of transportation as a 'non-basic mandatory affair' under Law No. 23 of 2014 leads to budget cuts and a lack of political will. The document advocates for a shift toward integrated, affordable public transport and electric buses, noting that electric bus operational costs in 2024 were approximately 9% lower than diesel buses.

The Union of Concerned Scientists developed the Climate 2030 Blueprint using a modified version of the National Energy Modeling System (UCS-NEMS) to evaluate a 'Blueprint case' against a 'Reference case'. The Blueprint case centers on a cap-and-trade program starting in 2011, designed to reduce U.S. emissions to 26 percent below 2005 levels by 2020 and 56 percent below 2005 levels by 2030. This cap is supported by complementary policies in energy efficiency, electricity generation, and transportation to lower the overall cost of compliance. The analysis incorporates supplemental data on building and industrial efficiency from the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy and biomass supply curves from the University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

The document analyzes the U.S. transportation sector's contribution to global warming, noting it is the second-largest source of emissions, primarily driven by light-duty vehicles. It proposes a three-pronged approach: improving vehicle and air conditioning efficiency, transitioning to low-carbon fuels (such as cellulosic biofuels, electricity, and hydrogen), and reducing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) through smart growth and transit expansion. The report details specific fuel economy targets for 2020 and 2030 and advocates for performance-based emission standards over traditional fuel economy standards to better account for non-CO2 emissions and alternative fuels.

The document details the relationship between rising global temperatures and the formation of ground-level ozone, which is created when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds react with heat and sunlight. It highlights that without strong climate policies, respiratory issues such as asthma attacks could increase by 11.8 million annual incidences by 2050. The text emphasizes the disproportionate impact on children, the elderly, and Latino populations in the U.S., noting that nearly half of the U.S. population lives in areas with unhealthy ozone levels.

The document argues for a collective global commitment to decarbonize transport through a system approach. It proposes a specific 2035 target consisting of a 35 percent shift to green fuels and a 25 percent reduction in transport energy consumption relative to 2022 levels. This goal is intended to complement the COP28 global stocktake, which called for a transition away from fossil fuels but lacked a quantified target for the transport sector.

The document outlines key takeaways from the INSIGHT 2022 conference and a related carbon markets workshop, focusing on the financial and regulatory mechanisms needed to electrify India's public transport. It highlights the potential of carbon markets, the success of the Grand Challenge aggregation model, and the need for cross-sectoral collaboration and independent regulatory oversight to manage e-bus procurement and battery lifecycles.

The document argues that integrating low-carbon transport into economic recovery plans can drive inclusive growth, job creation, and health improvements while helping countries meet their NDC targets. It advocates for a comprehensive 'Avoid-Shift-Improve' strategy to reduce transport emissions.

An analysis of Hanoi's transport master plan indicates that emissions could have been stabilized at 2005 levels by 2020 through increased public transportation and stricter emission standards. Conversely, the study warns that failing to restrain individual vehicle growth, specifically the shift from two-wheelers to cars, would lead to significant increases in fuel use and severe urban congestion.

The report analyzes approximately US$298 billion in global transport stimulus funds committed between March 2020 and February 2021, finding that roughly 44% were directed toward subsectors with positive climate and sustainability implications. It identifies five key action areas for decarbonization and public-private participation: public transport, walking and bicycling, vehicle electrification, rail, and research and development (R&D).

The document argues that current NDCs insufficiently address transport emissions, with only 29 countries specifying quantitative targets. It proposes three primary areas for enhancement: accelerating electrification and fuel economy, amplifying 'avoid and shift' measures like public transport and urban planning, and addressing freight emissions through clean fuels and information technology.

The analysis finds that green investments generally create more jobs per US$1 million than unsustainable investments, with ecosystem restoration and building efficiency showing the highest relative gains. However, the paper notes that job quality varies, with informality being a challenge in developing countries and lower wages/benefits compared to unionized traditional sectors in developed countries.

The document provides recommendations for the US House Committee on Financial Services regarding a proposed $400 million annual investment in the Clean Technology Fund (CTF). It argues that the fund should prioritize 'zero carbon' outcomes and energy efficiency over marginally cleaner fossil fuel technologies like supercritical coal. The author emphasizes that the CTF should be used as a lever to force the World Bank and other Multilateral Development Banks to integrate climate change considerations into their core energy portfolios, noting that as of 2007, over 50% of Bank energy financing ignored climate change. Finally, it asserts that the CTF must align with UNFCCC principles, ensuring transparency, balanced representation between donor and developing nations, and that funding is additional to poverty alleviation aid.

The report analyzes bus system improvements across 13 cities in Latin America and Asia, highlighting the benefits of bus rapid transit (BRT) such as high usage levels and low capital investment. It identifies recurring failures in planning and implementation, including rushed launches and lack of integration with other transport modes. The document concludes with strategic recommendations for the planning and decision-making phases of urban transport reform.

The document assesses the impact of bus aggregators, specifically Shuttl, on urban mobility and emissions in Delhi-NCR, finding that the service reduces CO2 and criteria pollutants without significantly siphoning passengers from public bus services.

The report analyzes dockless bike-sharing in 12 Chinese cities, concluding that these systems serve as effective last-mile mobility solutions that increase public transit connectivity, lower carbon emissions by replacing motorized trips, and improve public health outcomes.

A case study in Queretaro, Mexico, found that introducing a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system and enhancing bus network efficiency would significantly reduce emissions, whereas alternative fuel and vehicle emission control technologies would provide minimal additional benefits.

The document examines international subnational case studies to guide Vietnamese cities in creating electric mobility roadmaps. It highlights that while Vietnamese cities share contexts with other Asian cities, they are comparable to Californian cities regarding public transit usage. The paper suggests that Vietnam can move beyond narrow e-mobility uptake goals toward broader climate and air quality objectives, noting the unique presence of a local OEM, Vinfast.

The analysis finds that seven global transport initiatives could reduce global energy-related emissions by 3.7 percent by 2050. The most significant reductions are linked to mode-shifting to rail or public transport, though these require high effort. While electric vehicle and fuel efficiency targets are ambitious, the paper notes gaps in addressing heavy-duty vehicles and total travel demand, suggesting that better policy linkages and wider geographical coverage are needed to improve effectiveness.

The paper evaluates the integration of pro-climate behavior changes in the NDCs of the top 20 emitting countries. It identifies a gap between the emissions reduction potential of certain behaviors—particularly in the food sector—and their actual inclusion in national pledges. The analysis reveals that countries primarily rely on infrastructure and service improvements to drive behavior change, while underutilizing incentives and personalized information.

The document argues that the auto-rickshaw sector can support sustainable urban transport in India by providing first-and-last-mile connectivity and door-to-door alternatives to private vehicles. To achieve this, it recommends shifting from two-stroke to four-stroke engines to reduce PM10 emissions, implementing separate emission standards for HC and NOx, and improving vehicle design and road infrastructure to enhance occupant safety.