Measuring The Invisible: Hanoi Case Study

A case study by EMBARQ/WRI and local partners analyzing the impact of different transport master plan scenarios on air pollutants and CO2 emissions in Hanoi, Vietnam.

• Analysis indicates that Hanoi could have stabilized emissions in 2020 at 2005 levels while maintaining mobility if officials had promoted public transportation more heavily and mandated stricter vehicle emission and fuel quality standards.
• Fuel use and emissions are expected to grow significantly unless measures are implemented to limit the growth of overall vehicle traffic, especially individual vehicles.
• A transition from two-wheelers to cars is projected to lead to a substantial increase in fuel consumption and severe congestion due to limited space within Hanoi.

APA

World Resources Institute (n.d.). Measuring The Invisible: Hanoi Case Study. https://www.wri.org/research/measuring-invisible-hanoi-case-study

Chicago

World Resources Institute. Measuring The Invisible: Hanoi Case Study. n.d. https://www.wri.org/research/measuring-invisible-hanoi-case-study.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=World Resources Institute |title=Measuring The Invisible: Hanoi Case Study |url=https://www.wri.org/research/measuring-invisible-hanoi-case-study |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{worldresourcesinstitutendmeasuring, author = {{World Resources Institute}}, title = {{Measuring The Invisible: Hanoi Case Study}}, institution = {World Resources Institute}, url = {https://www.wri.org/research/measuring-invisible-hanoi-case-study}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }