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The proposal addresses the vulnerability of the Caribbean agricultural sector to climate change and its historical lack of prioritization in climate finance. It aims to increase the sector's profile by improving the collection and analysis of agricultural data, strengthening institutional capacities for GCF programming, and developing a pipeline of bankable, low-emission, and climate-resilient projects. Key activities include regional scoping studies on NDCs, the creation of a knowledge management portal, and the development of occupational competency standards for youth in climate-smart agriculture.

The Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) is seeking Project Preparation Facility (PPF) funding to design a programme that blends GCF and CDB resources to provide concessional loans to Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) in Belize, Jamaica, and St. Lucia. These DFIs will then on-lend to micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and homeowners for climate mitigation and adaptation projects. The programme aims to address financial barriers, such as high interest rates and perceived risks, while providing technical assistance to improve the capacity of both lenders and borrowers to implement bankable climate projects. Tentative targets include reducing at least 0.6 million tCO2eq and benefiting at least 375,000 people.

The report outlines a four-step process—sector prioritization, landscape assessment, barrier identification, and intervention execution—to unlock private climate finance. Drawing from the International Climate Initiative Mobilizing Investment (IKI MI) program, it identifies common barriers such as unfavorable taxes, high capital costs, and a lack of proof points. It recommends that governments level the playing field by making low-carbon solutions commercially competitive against fossil-fuel alternatives and providing pilot projects to demonstrate business viability.

The report finds that global adaptation finance is dominated by public development finance, with a heavy concentration in water and wastewater management. While finance often aligns with the most vulnerable sectors in specific countries like Pakistan, Zambia, and Niger, significant funding gaps remain relative to Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets. The authors highlight critical data gaps in private sector and domestic public finance and recommend the use of new datasets from the Climate Bonds Initiative and CDP to improve tracking accuracy.

The proposal requests USD 414,232 over 18 months to strengthen Côte d’Ivoire's capacity to access the Green Climate Fund (GCF). The project, implemented by the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI), focuses on the accreditation of the Banque Nationale d'Investissement (BNI) as a direct access entity, the creation of a national climate finance strategy to mobilize private sector investment for mitigation, and the development of three project concept notes for GCF submission.

The proposal seeks USD 998,258 over 18 months to address gaps in Indonesia's climate finance mobilization. Key objectives include establishing a formal coordination mechanism between climate finance focal points, supporting the accreditation of 2-3 new Direct Access Entities (DAEs), and developing a national climate finance strategy to support the Environmental Fund Management Agency (BPDLH). The project, implemented by the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI), also focuses on improving the quality of project concept notes and increasing private sector engagement.

The report details a COP25 workshop focused on domestic climate finance mapping. It outlines various tracking tools—such as Climate Budget Tagging and Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Reviews—and discusses how these initiatives help countries identify funding gaps, build investor trust, and mainstream climate goals into national budgets. The document also identifies systemic challenges, including data gaps and the need for inter-ministerial coordination, while proposing the creation of a community of practice to share best practices.

The briefing identifies significant challenges in tracking adaptation finance, such as context dependency and lack of standardized reporting. It proposes a three-category framework to distinguish between asset-focused, system-focused, and sectoral benchmark investments. To capture missing data, the authors suggest four technical approaches: keyword searches, sales data analysis, policy matching, and geographic matching. Initial assessments of Climate Bonds Initiative and CDP data show potential for capturing private finance, while the document recommends integrating adaptation into national planning and collaborating with data providers to enhance transparency.

The document outlines a 24-month project requesting USD 582,749 from the Green Climate Fund to develop a green bond market ecosystem in Jamaica. The initiative focuses on assessing the debt market, creating regional guidelines based on international standards, providing capacity building for market players, and developing a project concept for a green bond facility. It specifically aims to support the Caribbean region, including a mentorship partnership with Dominica to facilitate geothermal development financing.

The GCF's Private Sector Facility (PSF) aims to green the financial systems of developing countries by addressing capacity, market, and policy barriers. The GCF utilizes three primary pillars: providing concessional financing and project preparation grants, implementing policy-level interventions through its Readiness Programme, and conducting outreach through partnerships with global networks. The document highlights the critical role of central banks as regulators and the importance of local financial institutions (LFIs) in reaching micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and households. Case studies from Mongolia, Ghana, and West Africa demonstrate the use of on-lending models and risk-sharing instruments to scale up renewable energy and climate-resilient agriculture.

The paper introduces a three-step framework—enabling environments, mobilization, and delivery of adaptation benefits—to analyze how the private sector can be engaged in climate adaptation. Testing the framework in Kenya and Rwanda reveals that while both countries have established broad policy and regulatory frameworks, actual mobilization of private finance for adaptation remains limited and difficult to track. The authors find that private investments often lack explicit adaptation labeling and that a lack of awareness among private actors, combined with weak enforcement of existing policies, hinders progress. The study highlights the risk of maladaptation and 'climate-washing' and recommends integrating adaptation criteria into environmental impact assessments (EIAs) to better monitor outcomes and prevent counterproductive investments.

The briefing argues that while private sector financing is often promoted to bridge Africa's infrastructure deficit, it carries significant risks including higher costs, a lack of development mandates, and extreme risk aversion. It suggests that public funds should be strategically targeted toward social infrastructure and project preparation where private interest is low, while emphasizing the need for capacity building to prevent exploitation and improve project quality.

The briefing identifies three central pillars for climate finance negotiations at COP24: the replenishment of dedicated funds, the creation of reporting guidelines for tracking financial flows, and the planning of a new collective quantified goal after 2025. It emphasizes the need for developed countries to scale up support, specifically through the Green Climate Fund, and to improve both ex-post reporting of past flows and ex-ante projections of future funding to build trust with developing nations.

The report updates global climate finance estimates for 2015 and 2016, finding an annual average of USD 463 billion. While private investment remains the dominant source, particularly in renewables and the growing electric vehicle sector, the report highlights significant data gaps in tracking adaptation and energy efficiency. It also discusses the challenges of operationalizing Article 2.1(c) of the Paris Agreement to ensure all financial flows are consistent with low-emission and climate-resilient development.

As of 31 August 2018, the GCF pipeline included 103 funding proposals requesting USD 6.3 billion and 192 concept notes requesting USD 10.16 billion. The report details the distribution of these requests by sector, region, and theme, while also tracking the progress of the Simplified Approval Process (SAP) pilot, the Project Preparation Facility (PPF), and several active requests for proposals (RFPs) including Enhanced Direct Access and REDD-plus result-based payments.

In 2017, Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) reached a record $35.2 billion in climate finance commitments, with all six banks increasing their contributions. However, the report identifies critical gaps: adaptation finance grew slower than mitigation, private investment mobilization remains below 2015 levels, and vulnerable nations like SIDS and LDCs received only 10.5% of total funding. Additionally, the author notes a lack of transparency regarding project-level data and the need for MDBs to align their entire portfolios with the Paris Agreement.

As of 30 April 2018, the GCF pipeline consists of 65 funding proposals requesting USD 3.9 billion and 183 concept notes requesting USD 10.9 billion. The report details the sectoral, regional, and thematic distribution of these requests, noting a strong presence of cross-cutting projects. It also assesses the status of the Project Preparation Facility, the Simplified Approval Process (SAP) pilot, and specific requests for proposals including Enhanced Direct Access (EDA), MSME support, and REDD-plus. The GCF is implementing knowledge management improvements, such as NDA/AE portals, to increase transparency and processing speed.

The document identifies that low access to debt capital hinders India's goal of 40 GW of rooftop solar by 2022. It argues that while foreign debt could bridge this gap, small-scale developers are precluded from using it due to foreign exchange (FX) risk and their inability to access commercial hedging instruments like cross-currency swaps due to poor credit ratings. The proposed 'Transitional FX Debt Platform' routes USD loans from the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) through a local private Indian financial intermediary that lends in INR to borrowers. To make this viable, the platform utilizes OPIC credit guarantees to mitigate borrower default risk and donor grants to subsidize the landed cost of debt, ensuring it remains competitive with domestic benchmark rates. The study estimates that every $1 of donor grant capital could leverage $17 to $34 of additional foreign debt into the sector.

The document examines how private-sector investment can be mobilised for climate mitigation in Sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Climate Investment Funds (CIF), the Green Climate Fund (GCF), and South Africa's REIPPPP. It argues that while market mechanisms like the CDM have successfully engaged the private sector, further tailoring of rules to African circumstances and stronger synergies between multilateral and national finance are necessary to meet Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) goals.

The research paper advocates for a systems approach to climate finance to move beyond linear data tracking and address the complexities of developing country financial markets. It introduces a framework that categorizes actors into public finance, private finance, systemic enablers, and service providers, mapping their interrelationships through financial flows, mandates, and information. The paper identifies systemic trends in developing countries—such as bank dominance, short-termism, and capital volatility—and demonstrates how specific systemic actions (like ESG disclosure mandates) can catalyze private finance. Finally, it uses social network analysis of 2013-2014 data to identify key influencers and connectors within the international public finance sub-system to improve coordination.