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The fact sheet critiques the adoption of 'nature based solutions' (NBS) by over 1,500 corporations, asserting that these strategies allow companies to maintain fossil fuel use and industrial growth under the guise of 'net zero' commitments. It highlights Shell's plan to plant trees on an area nearly the size of Brazil and Nestlé's reliance on offsetting to mask projected growth in animal product sourcing. The document contrasts these corporate approaches with community-led solutions like agroecology and community forest management, which it describes as essential for climate justice and food sovereignty.

The fact sheet contrasts agroecology with 'nature based solutions' (NBS), asserting that NBS serves as a tool for agribusinesses and the finance sector to commodify nature and carbon. It claims that NBS focuses on narrow carbon sequestration metrics and specific practices like no-till farming to preserve corporate control, whereas agroecology seeks systemic change, food sovereignty, and land redistribution. The document warns that NBS integrates nature into corporate profit chains and provides carbon credits that allow fossil fuel corporations to pursue 'net zero' instead of real zero emissions.

The document critiques soil carbon farming as a mechanism for corporations and governments to offset emissions without making deep cuts. It contends that these schemes entrench industrial farming, facilitate corporate data grabbing, and marginalize smallholder farmers and traditional knowledge. The author asserts that soil carbon sequestration is technically unreliable, often overestimated, and cannot compensate for the long-term impact of fossil fuel combustion.

Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) provides a detailed critique and set of proposals to amend the first draft of the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. FoEI argues for more ambitious targets, such as increasing the goal for ecosystem area gain from 15% to 20% and reducing invasive species introduction by 90% instead of 50%. The organization emphasizes the need to halt biodiversity loss entirely rather than just slowing its rate, and advocates for the explicit inclusion of human rights, the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs), and the phasing out of highly hazardous pesticides. FoEI also proposes a new 'Goal E' focused on a comprehensive implementation mechanism and suggests that financial resources for biodiversity should be significantly increased, citing a need to address 4-6 trillion USD in harmful incentives.

The fact sheet critiques the use of 'nature-based solutions' by major corporations to achieve 'net zero' targets without abandoning fossil fuels or changing core business models. It highlights Shell's plan to plant forests the size of Brazil and Nestlé's reliance on offsets despite its contribution to deforestation. The document contrasts these corporate strategies with 'real solutions' led by Indigenous peoples and local communities, such as agroecology and community forest management, which prioritize ecological governance over the commodification of carbon.

The fact sheet critiques the trend of presenting agroecology as a subset of 'nature-based solutions' (NbS), asserting that this framing serves the interests of fossil fuel companies, agribusiness, and the financial sector. It argues that while agroecology seeks systemic change and social justice, NbS focuses narrowly on carbon capture to create new financial assets and 'green' credentials for industrial actors. The document highlights the incompatibility between the emancipatory goals of agroecology and the market-driven approach of NbS, which it claims facilitates land displacement and the continuation of destructive business models.

The report identifies eight key lessons from NYDF endorsers, highlighting that slow implementation of deforestation-free commitments is driven by barriers requiring multi-sectoral solutions. It emphasizes the necessity of strong governance, land tenure, and multi-stakeholder partnerships, while noting that current financial investments are insufficient. The document calls for renewed ambition and accountability to reverse deforestation trends, noting that nearly two-thirds of consulted endorsers have post-2020 action plans.

The New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF) is a commitment to end natural forest loss and degradation by 2030 and restore 350 million hectares of forest landscapes. The declaration identifies agricultural commodities, infrastructure, and mining as primary drivers of deforestation and emphasizes the central role of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities in forest protection. Achieving these goals is framed as a cost-effective climate solution capable of mitigating over 7 billion tonnes of CO2e annually by 2030, supporting the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C warming limit.

The document advocates for financial sector deepening in Africa to align local systems with global investor expectations and unlock vast domestic assets. It highlights that Africa's private institutional assets under management (AUM) were estimated at USD 2.4 trillion in 2020 and are projected to reach USD 6.4 trillion by 2040. The briefing emphasizes that public investment in capital market development can achieve high leverage ratios, sometimes as high as 35:1, to crowd in private capital. By improving regulation, transparency, and the use of local currency instruments, the document argues that Africa can shift from aid dependence toward a self-sustaining financial ecosystem that supports high-impact sectors such as green infrastructure, MSMEs, and climate-resilient agriculture.

The report identifies severe coastal erosion, flooding, fishery decline, and poor waste management as existential threats to Saint-Louis, Senegal. After evaluating eighteen financial instruments, it recommends the use of Impact Bonds due to their flexibility in scale, capacity to crowd in private capital, and focus on measurable outcomes. The report suggests potential applications for these bonds in waste management, sustainable tourism, and aquaculture, particularly targeting youth and women.

FSD Africa Investments (FSDAi) uses a 'test, accelerate, and mobilise' strategy to deploy catalytic capital into African financial markets, focusing on high-risk, early-stage investments to unlock commercial finance. Since 2017, it has committed US$114 million across 19 transactions, targeting sectors such as renewable energy, climate adaptation, and financial inclusion. The organization emphasizes a 'gender lens' to address the US$42 billion financing gap for women entrepreneurs in Africa and is increasingly aligning its portfolio with the Paris Agreement on Climate Change.

The IRMF Results Handbook outlines the GCF's approach to results-based management, focusing on measuring paradigm shift, mitigation, adaptation, and enabling environments. It defines core and supplementary indicators, establishes reporting requirements via Annual Performance Reports (APRs) and evaluations, and provides a structured methodology for setting baselines and targets to ensure portfolio-wide data aggregation.

The guidelines define ecosystems and ecosystem services, explaining their role in climate resilience and the use of ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA). It outlines a framework for project proposals, including a classification of environments (marine, coastal, inland water, forest, dryland, island, mountain, polar, and cultivated), and emphasizes the need for an integrated systems approach. A key focus is on achieving a paradigm shift through natural capital accounting (NCA) to ensure the long-term sustainability of investments. The document also provides impact measurement indicators and a list of indicative SAP-able and non-SAP-able activities.

The guidelines outline the scope of the forest and land use result area, identifying key intervention areas such as forest restoration, sustainable management, deforestation-free supply chains, and REDD+. It defines the 'paradigm shift' required for sustainable development pathways and provides a framework for impact measurement using GCF's integrated results management framework. The document also lists indicative 'SAP-able' activities, such as blockchain for forest management and agroforestry, while explicitly excluding activities that cause resettlement or use exotic species that harm native biodiversity.

The project aims to benefit approximately 182,850 people in Karnali Province, Nepal, by restoring 1,000 hectares of degraded forests and bringing 10,000 hectares under sustainable management. It focuses on reducing vulnerability to landslides, droughts, and floods while promoting climate-smart livelihoods through non-timber forest product (NTFP) micro-enterprises and alternative energy solutions. The initiative includes technical support for 30 municipalities to develop Local Adaptation Plans of Action (LAPAs) and the establishment of early warning systems in six high-risk municipalities.

The 'Living Indus' project seeks USD 25 million in GCF grants to implement a programmatic framework for ecological restoration in Pakistan. The initiative focuses on two pillars: governance, which includes the creation of a 'Living Indus Act' and provincial masterplans, and investment, targeting the Sindh Province. Planned interventions include restoring mangrove and riverine forests, rehabilitating wetlands, and promoting climate-smart agriculture such as biosaline farming. The project aims to benefit 1.18 million direct beneficiaries and remove approximately 2.9 million tCO2eq through carbon sequestration in restored forests.

The document outlines the technical requirements and strategic approach for projects seeking funding through the Green Climate Fund's Simplified Approval Process (SAP) in the field of ecosystems and ecosystem services. It defines ecosystem services, explains the role of ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) in climate resilience, and identifies 'natural capital accounting' as a primary driver for a paradigm shift in investment. The guide provides a framework for measuring impact, lists examples of eligible and ineligible activities, and emphasizes the need for integrated, multisectoral approaches to overcome institutional coordination failures.

The guide outlines the technical requirements for GCF projects focusing on ecosystems and ecosystem services under the Simplified Approval Process (SAP). It defines ecosystem services, explains the role of Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) in enhancing climate resilience, and advocates for natural capital accounting to shift investment paradigms. The document provides a framework for measuring impact through specific indicators and offers a matrix of eligible and ineligible activities to ensure projects maintain low environmental and social risk.

The document outlines the technical requirements and strategic approach for GCF projects focusing on land use and forest resources via the Simplified Approval Process (SAP). It emphasizes the dual role of forests in climate adaptation and mitigation, highlighting the importance of carbon sequestration and ecosystem services. The guide identifies key intervention areas—including forest restoration, sustainable management of protected areas, deforestation-free supply chains, and REDD+—and provides a framework for measuring impact through specific quantitative and qualitative indicators. It argues for a 'paradigm shift' that decouples economic growth from forest consumption and encourages innovative private sector financing to overcome investment barriers in nature-based solutions.

The Green Climate Fund (GCF) promotes climate-resilient infrastructure to prevent cascading failures caused by extreme weather and to reduce emissions from cement and steel production. GCF employs six core principles, including the use of nature-based solutions and systemic risk assessments, to unlock public and private capital. Current initiatives include developing valuation methodologies for nature-based solutions in Jamaica, strengthening infrastructure pipelines in Ghana, hurricane-proofing buildings in Antigua and Barbuda, and financing an electric Light Rail Transit system in Costa Rica.