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This World Resources Institute working paper aims to inform the identification of information requirements for intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) to ensure clarity, transparency, and understanding for the post-2020 international agreement being negotiated by UNFCCC Parties.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute outlines lessons for national institutions in developing countries seeking "direct access" to climate finance from multilateral funds like the Adaptation Fund and the Green Climate Fund (GCF). It provides guidance on planning for engagement, navigating the accreditation process, and designing and implementing projects to enhance national ownership and reduce transaction costs.

This report by the World Resources Institute assesses the United States' Fast-Start Finance (FSF) contribution for fiscal years 2010 and 2011, evaluating its composition, transparency, and alignment with international pledges to mobilize $30 billion for developing countries.

This guide from the World Resources Institute explains the importance and methodologies of estimating the costs of implementing Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It outlines how costing helps governments identify financing gaps, select financial instruments, and integrate climate commitments into national fiscal policies, while highlighting the challenges of data gaps and uncertainty.

The document describes a guide published by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to assist practitioners in structuring and strengthening their countries' enhanced Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

This working paper, produced by the Agreement on Climate Transformation 2015 (ACT 2015) consortium, proposes a framework for the 2015 Paris Agreement. It suggests a structure based on two long-term goals, three continuous improvement cycles (mitigation, adaptation, and support), and a foundation of transparency and accountability to drive a global transition to a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute explains the purpose and components of the Paris Rulebook, which provides the operational guidelines for implementing the Paris Agreement on climate change. It details the mechanisms for national climate planning, transparency in reporting, and the processes for reviewing individual and collective progress to ensure global climate goals are met.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute explains the purpose and function of the 'Paris Rulebook,' the implementation guidelines for the Paris Agreement on climate change. It details how the Rulebook transforms the high-level goals of the Agreement into a functional system for national planning, implementation, and international review, with a focus on the negotiations taking place at COP24 in Katowice, Poland.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute (WRI) explains how forests influence climate stability through non-carbon biophysical processes and argues that the UNFCCC should integrate these effects into its policies. The document details four primary biophysical processes—albedo, evapotranspiration, surface roughness, and aerosols—and proposes six specific pathways for UNFCCC parties to account for these effects in national reports, NDCs, REDD+ financing, adaptation planning, the Global Stocktake, and IPCC assessment reports.

This working paper by the World Resources Institute evaluates the Green Climate Fund's (GCF) 'direct access' modality, which allows institutions in developing countries to receive funding without international intermediaries. While 62 developing country institutions were accredited as of November 2020, 67 percent of them had not yet received project approval. The paper analyzes four support mechanisms—the Readiness Programme, Project Preparation Facility, Simplified Approval Process, and Enhancing Direct Access pilot—finding that high administrative burdens, funding gaps for concept notes, and rigid eligibility criteria hinder smaller institutions from accessing climate finance.

The Joint Benefits Authority (JBA) is a collaborative tool designed for city agencies and local communities to jointly finance and deliver resilient, transformative infrastructure. By shifting away from a 'business-as-usual' approach where agencies work in silos, the JBA integrates capital planning and funding to scale natural infrastructure, enhance climate resilience, and advance social equity through direct community leadership in project implementation.

This World Resources Institute working paper reports on three workshops held in Asia, Africa, and Latin America to identify challenges developing countries face in monitoring and tracking climate finance. It details nine primary technical, political, and capacity barriers, ranging from inconsistent definitions and lack of institutional coordination to the limited transparency of development partners and the difficulty of tracking private financial data.

A statement by WWF South Africa arguing that the country must urgently accelerate climate mitigation and adaptation efforts due to increasing extreme weather events and high per-capita emissions.

This appendix from the IPCC Working Group III report provides a detailed technical summary of various Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) methods, comparing their technology readiness levels (TRL), costs, mitigation potentials, and associated risks and co-benefits.