Ex-Ante Clarification, Transparency, and Understanding of Intended Nationally Determined Mitigation Contributions

This World Resources Institute working paper aims to inform the identification of information requirements for intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) to ensure clarity, transparency, and understanding for the post-2020 international agreement being negotiated by UNFCCC Parties.

• The working paper is designed to support the identification of information requirements that foster clarity, transparency, and understanding of nationally determined contributions, which is intended to increase trust between Parties and create a foundation for a more ambitious and equitable agreement.
• Parties to the UNFCCC are negotiating a post-2020 agreement to be adopted by 2015 with the goal of limiting the global average temperature increase to less than 2°C above pre-industrial levels.
• Following a decision at COP 19 in Warsaw, discussions began in March 2014 in Bonn, Germany, to determine the essential information and level of specificity required for contributions to be submitted in a way that facilitates clarity, transparency, and understanding.

APA

World Resources Institute (n.d.). Ex-Ante Clarification, Transparency, and Understanding of Intended Nationally Determined Mitigation Contributions. https://www.wri.org/research/ex-ante-clarification-transparency-and-understanding-intended-nationally-determined

Chicago

World Resources Institute. Ex-Ante Clarification, Transparency, and Understanding of Intended Nationally Determined Mitigation Contributions. n.d. https://www.wri.org/research/ex-ante-clarification-transparency-and-understanding-intended-nationally-determined.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=World Resources Institute |title=Ex-Ante Clarification, Transparency, and Understanding of Intended Nationally Determined Mitigation Contributions |url=https://www.wri.org/research/ex-ante-clarification-transparency-and-understanding-intended-nationally-determined |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{worldresourcesinstitutendexante, author = {{World Resources Institute}}, title = {{Ex-Ante Clarification, Transparency, and Understanding of Intended Nationally Determined Mitigation Contributions}}, institution = {World Resources Institute}, url = {https://www.wri.org/research/ex-ante-clarification-transparency-and-understanding-intended-nationally-determined}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }