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A World Resources Institute working paper surveying academic and policy proposals to build a post-2012 international climate change regime, focusing on five key design issues including ambition, mitigation sharing, performance tracking, and legal form.

This guide by the World Resources Institute provides a framework for countries to describe the fairness and ambition of their intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) ahead of COP21. It suggests a descriptive narrative using quantitative and qualitative indicators to enhance international transparency, comparability, and trust.

This guide from the World Resources Institute explains the technical requirements for ex-ante climate finance information under the Paris Agreement Rulebook, detailing the types of data to be communicated, the responsible entities, the biennial timeline, and how this information links to other Paris Agreement mechanisms.

This technical note describes the data and methodology for the Climate Finance Requirements Tracker, a tool developed by the World Resources Institute (WRI) to monitor climate finance needs as stated in countries' nationally determined contributions (NDCs).

This working paper by the World Resources Institute (WRI) analyzes the resource allocation approaches of 15 climate, environment, and development funds to provide design recommendations for the Green Climate Fund's (GCF) allocation system.

This research paper examines China's domestic monitoring of climate change policies to provide insights for an international structure for measuring, reporting, and verifying (MRV) actions in developing countries, specifically within the context of the Bali Action Plan's Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs).

The World Resources Institute presents a set of suggestions for the legal text of the 2015 Paris Agreement, developed by the Agreement for Climate Transformation (ACT) Consortium. The proposal advocates for a holistic approach linking mitigation, adaptation, and support through five-year cycles of continuous improvement and a long-term goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions.

This fact sheet describes a mapping of financial instruments used by development financial institutions, export credit agencies, and climate funds to support private sector climate change mitigation and adaptation projects in developing countries.

This research paper proposes five components for a new financial agreement under the UNFCCC to address technology barriers in developing countries, drawing on UNFCCC submissions and technical papers regarding mitigation investment needs.

This fact sheet by the World Resources Institute updates a May 2012 working paper regarding the United States' contribution to Fast-Start Finance (FSF) between 2010 and 2012, analyzing the financial instruments used and the balance between adaptation and mitigation objectives.

This testimony by Rob Bradley, Director of the International Climate Policy Initiative at the World Resources Institute, argues that the United States has a critical opportunity to resume international leadership on climate change. Bradley asserts that the global landscape has shifted since the Kyoto Protocol, with major developing nations now proposing their own mitigation plans and the Bali Action Plan providing a framework for inclusive, verifiable commitments from both developed and developing countries. He emphasizes the synergy between climate action and economic growth, highlighting 'green' stimulus packages as a means to create jobs and stimulate recovery following the financial crisis.

This report by the World Resources Institute analyzes the legitimacy of climate finance institutions, focusing on the redistribution of power, responsibility, and accountability between developed contributor countries and developing recipient countries. It argues that for climate finance to be effective and legitimate, existing institutions must be reformed and new mechanisms created to enhance recipient country ownership and national capacity.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute assesses Japan's Fast-Start Finance (FSF) commitments between January 2010 and February 2012, analyzing the composition, transparency, and additionality of the funds provided to developing countries for climate change activities.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute provides guidance for countries to enhance their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by incorporating strengthened, tailor-made actions within the agriculture sector to address climate change adaptation and mitigation.

This working paper by the World Resources Institute assesses Norway's 'fast-start finance' (FSF) contributions for 2010 and 2011, examining the distribution, reporting transparency, and additionality of these funds within the context of UNFCCC pledges.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute examines the Bali Action Plan (BAP) and the necessity of a robust measurable, reportable, and verifiable (MRV) framework to facilitate a post-2012 global climate agreement.

This working paper by the World Resources Institute addresses the 'MRV' (measurement, reporting, and verification) challenge within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations. It outlines key questions regarding the verification of supported actions, the governance of an international registry for Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), and the role of national climate action plans to ensure country accountability for greenhouse gas emission mitigation and support obligations.

This expert note examines the factors that make Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) credible and explores how biennial transparency reports (BTRs) under the Paris Agreement's enhanced transparency framework (ETF) provide the necessary information to assess and inform the credibility of these national climate plans.

Dr. Jonathan Pershing of the World Resources Institute provided testimony to the US Senate Environment and Public Works Committee supporting the America’s Climate Security Act of 2007 (S. 2191). He argued that the bill's cap-and-trade system would provide a necessary price signal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at modest economic costs while positioning the United States to lead international climate action.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute, written for the Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF), identifies mitigation and adaptation options for CVF member countries to enhance their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by 2020 to encourage larger emitters to increase their own ambitions.