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This document is a preview of results from a book regarding the valuation of oceans and the economic impacts of action or inaction, focusing on the Pacific Ocean as a case study for the need for integrated regional policies to address multiple human-induced stressors.

This fact sheet describes the SACC project, an international consortium studying ocean-related global and climate changes in South America, with a specific focus on the exchange processes between the deep ocean and the Patagonian shelf.

This fact sheet describes the oceanographic mechanisms of upwelling in the Patagonian shelf of the Southwestern Atlantic. It explains how deep ocean currents, rather than wind, drive the ascent of nutrient-rich waters to the surface, supporting significant biological productivity, large-scale fisheries, and carbon sequestration.

This policy brief examines the loss of oxygen in the global ocean and specifically within the Peruvian Sea, highlighting the expansion of Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs) due to global warming and the risk of 'dead zones' caused by synergistic effects of climate change and human activity.

This research paper by Florencia Sarmiento analyzes the critical state of World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations regarding fisheries subsidies ahead of the 14th Ministerial Conference (MC14). It evaluates the impact of the 2022 Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies and the urgent need for additional disciplines to address overcapacity and overfishing to prevent the collapse of the existing framework due to a termination clause.

This guide, produced by Natural Justice, provides information to the public regarding a proposed oil and gas exploration project in Block 3B/4B off the west coast of South Africa. It outlines the project's scope, the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process, potential ecological and social risks, and instructions for public participation.

This guide by Natural Justice provides information on the Environmental Authorisation (EA) granted to Shell Offshore Upstream South Africa B.V. and its partners for the Northern Cape Ultra Deep (NCUD) oil and gas exploration project off the South African West Coast. It outlines the project's scope, the legal process for appealing the decision, and potential environmental and socio-cultural impacts identified in the draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA).

This fact sheet, produced by Natural Justice in September 2025, provides information regarding Total Energies' (TEEPSA) proposed oil and gas exploration drilling in the southern part of the Deepwater Orange Basin (DWOB) block off the coast of South Africa. It outlines the planned technical activities, potential environmental and socio-economic impacts, and the legal process for public participation and comment.

This guide, published by Natural Justice in January 2024, provides information to the public regarding the proposed oil and gas exploration activities by Africa Oil South Africa Corp (AOSAC) and its joint venture partners in Block 3B/4B off the west coast of South Africa. It outlines the exploration process, potential environmental and social impacts, and the procedure for public participation and commenting on the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

This document is a commentary by Natural Justice regarding the 'South Africa’s Oceans Economy Master Plan to 2035 Draft 3 v1'. The submission criticizes the Masterplan for failing to align with international climate obligations, neglecting marine biodiversity, and lacking meaningful consultation with coastal and indigenous communities. Natural Justice argues that the plan prioritizes economic growth and carbon-intensive industries, such as offshore oil and gas exploration, over environmental sustainability and the rights of small-scale fishers.

This guide, published by Natural Justice in July 2024, provides information and guidance for the public regarding a proposed 3D seismic survey by Searcher Geodata UK Ltd off the coast of South Africa. It outlines the project's scope, the regulatory process for environmental authorisation, and the potential negative impacts on marine biodiversity, local livelihoods, and cultural heritage.

This executive summary previews a forthcoming book on the economic valuation of ocean services and the consequences of global environmental change. It identifies six primary threats to the ocean—acidification, warming, hypoxia, sea level rise, pollution, and overuse of resources—and argues that these stressors often interact synergistically, accelerating ecosystem degradation. The document advocates for a shift from traditional cost-benefit analysis to insurance-based risk models to account for catastrophic tipping points and recommends the appointment of a UN High Commissioner for Oceans to coordinate global governance.