Las Subvenciones a la Pesca en una Encrucijada

This research paper by Florencia Sarmiento analyzes the critical state of World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations regarding fisheries subsidies ahead of the 14th Ministerial Conference (MC14). It evaluates the impact of the 2022 Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies and the urgent need for additional disciplines to address overcapacity and overfishing to prevent the collapse of the existing framework due to a termination clause.

• The 2022 Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, known as 'Fish 1', represents the first WTO agreement explicitly targeting environmental sustainability and aligns with UN Sustainable Development Goal 14.6. It prohibits subsidies for illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, subsidies for fishing overexploited stocks without recovery measures, and subsidies for unregulated high-seas fishing.
• Global fisheries subsidies are heavily skewed toward industrial fleets, which exacerbates overfishing. In 2018, total global fisheries subsidies exceeded USD 35 billion, with over 80% allocated to large-scale industrial fleets and only 19% going to small-scale fisheries.
• Current WTO rules address symptoms rather than structural causes of overfishing. Proposed additional disciplines, termed 'Fish 2', aim to preventively regulate subsidies that contribute to general fleet overcapacity and overfishing, even in cases where fishing is legal or stocks are not yet formally recognized as overexploited.
• The 2022 Agreement contains a 'termination clause' that threatens the entire framework. Because the agreement entered into force in September 2025, members must adopt complete additional disciplines by September 2029, or the agreement will terminate immediately unless the General Council decides otherwise.
• Despite near-consensus during the MC13 in Abu Dhabi in early 2024, subsequent political shifts and disagreements among a small number of major actors—including one developed country and two developing countries—have stalled the adoption of the 'Fish 2' text.

APA

Sarmiento, F. (n.d.). Las Subvenciones a la Pesca en una Encrucijada. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/es/articles/policy-analysis/fisheries-subsidies-mc14

Chicago

Sarmiento, Florencia. Las Subvenciones a la Pesca en una Encrucijada. International Institute for Sustainable Development, n.d. https://www.iisd.org/es/articles/policy-analysis/fisheries-subsidies-mc14.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Sarmiento |first1=Florencia |title=Las Subvenciones a la Pesca en una Encrucijada |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |url=https://www.iisd.org/es/articles/policy-analysis/fisheries-subsidies-mc14 |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{sarmientondlas, author = {Sarmiento, Florencia}, title = {{Las Subvenciones a la Pesca en una Encrucijada}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/es/articles/policy-analysis/fisheries-subsidies-mc14}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }