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The Earth Negotiations Bulletin provides a comprehensive report on the 2019 Chile/Madrid Climate Change Conference (COP 25, CMP 15, CMA 2), which took place from 2 December to 15 December 2019. The conference was marked by significant delays, becoming the longest in UNFCCC history, and failed to reach consensus on several key issues, most notably the operationalization of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. While some progress was made on loss and damage and gender, the overall outcome was viewed with disappointment by many delegates and civil society due to a perceived gap between scientific urgency and political delivery.

A statement by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) outlining the critical requirements for COP-25 in Madrid to maintain credibility and effectiveness. The authors argue that the conference must move beyond baseline expectations to deliver rights-based climate action, increase national ambition for 2020, and ensure that carbon trading mechanisms do not repeat the failures of the Kyoto Protocol.

This briefing note from the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) outlines recommendations for UNFCCC Parties at COP-25 to integrate human rights, gender equality, and participatory processes into climate action. It emphasizes the need for rights-based safeguards in Article 6 market mechanisms, the ratification of the Escazú Agreement, and the protection of indigenous peoples and local communities in adaptation and loss and damage frameworks.

This fact sheet explains the purpose and function of the Paris Agreement Rulebook, which was agreed upon in December 2018 in Katowice, Poland. The Rulebook provides the operational guidelines and rules necessary to implement the long-term goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement, focusing on how countries develop climate action plans, report progress, and manage climate finance.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law analyzes the June 2019 Climate Negotiations (SB-50) in Bonn, focusing on the integration of human rights into climate policies, the development of Article 6 mechanisms of the Paris Agreement, and the work of various UNFCCC constituted bodies.

This briefing note, prepared for a dinner discussion at the June 2019 Climate Negotiations (SB50), outlines the necessity of integrating human rights into climate action to ensure policy coherence and the protection of vulnerable populations. It traces the evolution of human rights recognition within the UNFCCC framework, from the 2010 Cancun Agreements to the 2015 Paris Agreement, and identifies specific opportunities at SB50 to implement social safeguards and review human rights-related workstreams.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law summarizes advocacy for human rights during the COP-24 climate conference in Katowice. It details the efforts to integrate human rights into the Paris Agreement Implementation Guidelines, reports on civil rights infringements by Polish authorities against conference attendees, and reviews the inclusion of human rights in other policy outcomes such as the Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform and the Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss & Damage.

This fact sheet examines the role of insurance and alternative risk financing in building financial resilience against climate change. It details the growing 'protection gap'—the difference between total economic losses and insured losses—and explores emerging tools such as catastrophe bonds, microinsurance, and sovereign risk pools designed to manage the increasing frequency and intensity of climate-related disasters.

A statement from Aldrin Calixte, Executive Secretary of Haiti Survie (Friends of the Earth Haiti), addressed to global leaders during COP22, calling for a compensation fund for vulnerable economies and increased support for the Green Climate Fund following the impacts of Hurricane Matthew and other climate shocks in Haiti.

This briefing note from the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the concept of loss and damage in climate change policy, distinguishing between scientific grounding and political interpretations within the UNFCCC framework.

Friends of the Earth International evaluates the Paris Agreement as a failure in achieving climate justice, arguing that it lacks binding targets, fails to hold wealthy nations accountable for emissions and financing, and leaves the door open for 'false solutions' like geoengineering.

Friends of the Earth International assesses the Paris Agreement as a failure in delivering climate justice, arguing that it lacks binding targets, sufficient financial commitments for developing nations, and protections for vulnerable communities. The organization concludes that the agreement fails the 'People’s Test on Climate' across all criteria, including emission reductions, support for transformation, justice for impacted people, and the focus on transformational action.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute outlines the critical objectives for climate negotiations in Bonn as a prelude to COP21 in Paris. It evaluates the current state of national climate plans and identifies key areas in the co-chairs' draft agreement—including improvement cycles, long-term goals, transparency, finance, and adaptation—that require further clarity and ambition to ensure a strong global agreement.

This briefing note for the Pan-African Parliament outlines the objectives and key themes of the 21st session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), scheduled for November 30 to December 11, 2015, in Paris.

This briefing paper by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and CARE International argues that climate change is a critical human rights challenge. It examines how climate impacts and the responses to them threaten fundamental rights and provides a set of policy recommendations to integrate a human rights-based approach into the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process.

This briefing, prepared by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and CARE International, argues that climate change is the greatest human rights challenge of the current era. It calls for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to integrate human rights protections into its policies, particularly as the international community negotiated the 2015 climate agreement. The document outlines how climate impacts threaten fundamental rights and provides specific policy recommendations to ensure that climate mitigation and adaptation efforts do not further violate human rights.

This 2015 briefing note by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) outlines key issues and priorities for the Pan-African Parliament (PAP) ahead of the COP 21 climate conference in Paris. It emphasizes the need for an ambitious, legally binding agreement that addresses the specific vulnerabilities of Africa, ensures equity through the Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR) principle, and closes significant financial and ambition gaps to limit global warming.

This briefing note, published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development in October 2015, outlines the key issues and priorities for the Pan-African Parliament (PAP) ahead of the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris. It emphasizes the need for a legally binding agreement that addresses the specific vulnerabilities of Africa, ensures climate equity, and secures financial commitments from developed nations to support both mitigation and adaptation efforts.

This fact sheet describes the SEI Initiative on Climate Finance, a multi-disciplinary effort by the Stockholm Environment Institute to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and fairness of the global climate finance regime, with a particular focus on supporting developing countries.

Friends of the Earth International and a coalition of international networks issued a statement criticizing the outcome of the Lima Conference, arguing that the resulting decisions weaken international climate rules and fail to address the needs of vulnerable populations in the Global South.