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Friends of the Earth International argues that community forest management (CFM) is only possible when the inherent rights of Indigenous Peoples and local communities are guaranteed by States. The document identifies critical threats to these rights—such as the 'Financialization of Nature', industrial logging, and mining—and details the internal community conditions and external State obligations required to ensure sustainable territorial governance. It emphasizes that collective land titles, the right to self-determination, and Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) are fundamental to preserving both biological diversity and cultural identity.

The report by Friends of the Earth International argues that community forest management (CFM) is most effective when supported by the recognition of inherent collective rights to territory, self-determination, and cultural preservation. It identifies systemic threats—such as the 'financialization of nature' and industrial extractivism—that undermine these rights. The document details 'internal conditions' (inclusive community organization and gender justice) and 'external conditions' (state-guaranteed land titles and free, prior, and informed consent) required for sustainable forest governance. It emphasizes that collective rights should prevail over individual rights to ensure the survival of communities and the biodiversity of their territories.

The document examines how renewable energy transitions in West Sumatra, Indonesia, can either entrench or challenge existing social inequities. Through case studies of geothermal, micro-hydro, and biofuel projects, it highlights how patriarchal land management and closed decision-making processes exclude women and marginalized groups from benefits. It also analyzes the limitations of national LPG subsidies and grid electrification in reaching the rural poor, concluding that a gender-sensitive approach is essential to ensure just transitions.

The document outlines a comprehensive approach to forest sector law reform, emphasizing the necessity of a clear forest policy, inclusive stakeholder participation, and a structured, iterative process. It provides technical guidance on drafting clear, coherent laws that comply with legal hierarchies and avoid contradictions with other sectoral legislation. Through case studies from Ghana, the Republic of Congo, Liberia, and Côte d’Ivoire, the guide demonstrates how civil society engagement and targeted advocacy can lead to improved forest governance, including the recognition of community land rights and the implementation of sustainable management principles.

The document details how Kurawa Industries Limited illegally expanded its salt pans in Magarini Sub County, Kilifi, causing saltwater seepage that killed the coconut crops of the Mwangi family. Despite efforts by Natural Justice to secure accountability through Access to Information requests to NEMA and inquiries with the Department of Physical Planning, the company operated without the required permits. The case highlights how COVID-19 lockdowns in Kilifi County have further hindered the agricultural assessment needed for compensation and increased the family's vulnerability by restricting access to water.

The report alleges that Maxland (PNG) Limited is using a rubber plantation project on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, as a cover for illegal logging. Global Witness claims the company has bypassed provincial approvals, ignored landowner consent, and failed to plant the promised rubber trees while exporting millions of dollars in timber to China and Japan. The investigation links the operation to the Joinland Group and identifies several international financial institutions in Malaysia, Singapore, Norway, and the US that provide funding or investment to the entities involved.

The document details how climate change threatens the bio-cultural resources and traditional knowledge of African indigenous peoples, specifically within Indigenous peoples' and local communities' conserved territories and areas (ICCAs) and pastoralist communities. It highlights the use of traditional knowledge and 'Community Protocols' as essential tools for climate adaptation and the protection of customary laws. Finally, it outlines the severe risks faced by cultural rights defenders in Africa, including land grabbing, physical violence, and criminalization, while recommending the establishment of defender funds and coordinated monitoring to protect these activists.

The document argues that systemic racism has historically excluded BIPOC from land ownership and financial resources, which undermines the resilience of the US food system. It proposes a framework for increasing land accessibility, improving financial resources, enhancing infrastructure and information, and fostering BIPOC leadership to achieve a more sustainable and equitable agricultural sector.

WWF International provides a framework for corporate forest and climate goal-setting, advocating for a mitigation hierarchy that prioritizes avoiding and reducing footprints before pursuing compensation. The guide argues that protecting existing forests is significantly more effective for climate mitigation than tree planting, noting that preventing the loss of one hectare of mature forest avoids approximately 100 tons of carbon, whereas tropical reforestation sequesters only about 3 tons per hectare annually. It further recommends that companies align carbon credit purchases with specific quality criteria and national commitments (NDCs) and pursue transformational change through improved land tenure and multi-stakeholder initiatives.

The document argues that Provisional Measure 910 (MP 910) rewards illegal land occupation and deforestation in Brazil by loosening the rules for granting property titles on federal lands. It highlights that the measure extends simplified regularization to large landholders and pushes back eligibility dates, potentially legalizing lands illegally deforested in the Amazon. The authors contend that MP 910 favors large rural producers over traditional communities and undermines the Forest Code, thereby threatening biodiversity and rainfall patterns.

Friends of the Earth International condemns the February 24, 2020, murder of Jehry Rivera Rivera, a Naso Bröran leader in Costa Rica who opposed land usurpation and the Diquís Hydroelectric Project. The organization highlights a pattern of violence, including the 2019 murder of Sergio Rojas Ortiz, and criticizes the Costa Rican government for failing to implement Inter-American Commission on Human Rights precautionary measures designed to protect the Térraba and Salitre territories.

The document expresses solidarity with the Naso Bröran people following the murder of leader Jehry Rivera Rivera on February 24, 2020. It highlights a pattern of violence and state inaction in Costa Rica, noting that early warnings about armed non-indigenous intruders in the Térraba region were ignored by authorities. The statement links these killings to the struggle for indigenous autonomy and opposition to extractive projects, specifically citing the Diquís Hydroelectric Project, and demands the implementation of Inter-American Commission on Human Rights precautionary measures.

The document condemns the February 24, 2020, murder of Jehry Rivera Rivera, a Naso Bröran leader in Costa Rica who opposed land usurpation and extractive projects like the El Diquis hydroelectric dam. It highlights a pattern of violence, including the 2019 murder of Sergio Rojas Ortiz, and criticizes the Costa Rican government for failing to respond to alerts about armed intrusions or implement Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) precautionary measures for the Térraba and Salitre territories.

The document argues that formal land titles are often used as a proxy for tenure security but frequently fail to provide women with actual control over land due to discriminatory laws, customary norms, and lack of access to resources. It highlights that individual titling can conflict with indigenous collective tenure systems and may even lead to dispossession. To achieve genuine security, the author recommends gender-equitable normative frameworks, the inclusion of women in land governance, and ancillary support such as technical training and credit access.

The report identifies that financial service providers (FSPs) prioritize economic factors—specifically governance and business management—over environmental and social themes when assessing financial risk for agricultural investments. Key priorities include management experience, existing buyer relationships, land tenure, and projected cash flows. While climate change is the most important non-economic theme, with a preference for adaptation measures, social and biodiversity issues are often viewed as having more impact on sustainability than on financial risk reduction. The document recommends that agricultural producers seek capacity-building in business management and that voluntary sustainability standards (VSSs) integrate more economic criteria to help producers become more bankable.

The paper identifies three main categories of rights-based claims: environmental justice, Indigenous rights and land claims, and artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) rights. It finds that claimants often use multi-scalar strategies, combining domestic litigation with mass protests and international advocacy. While some claims lead to the suspension of extractive activities or improved corporate engagement, others are met with state oppression or violence. The study highlights the critical role of civil society organizations (CSOs) as enablers and the importance of framing strategies to maximize available resources.

The report examines several green energy initiatives across Africa, highlighting a recurring failure to conduct meaningful public consultation and respect land rights. Through case studies on green hydrogen in South Africa and Namibia, nuclear and geothermal power in Kenya, and wind energy in Kenya, the document demonstrates how 'green' labels are often used to bypass human rights standards. It concludes with recommendations for international financiers and states to mandate human rights targets and prioritize the rights of Indigenous peoples and marginalized communities in the Just Energy Transition.

Natural Justice's 2020-2022 strategy shifts from siloed programs to three integrated streams: affirming rights to lands and resources, defending rights against environmental impacts, and standing with communities through legal empowerment. The organization aims to strengthen the capacity of African Indigenous and local communities to challenge extractive projects, influence climate policy, and protect traditional knowledge. Key initiatives include the Community Environmental Legal Officers (CELOs) program, the African Environmental Defenders Initiative, and the Just Energy Transition Africa project. The strategy also details a resourcing plan focused on funding growth, financial sustainability, and internal system upgrades to support its Pan-African operations.

The Living Convention Volume I is a guide that aggregates disparate international laws, declarations, and voluntary guidelines into a structured compendium. It focuses on the rights of Indigenous peoples, local communities, and peasants, categorizing them into substantive rights (such as land tenure, food sovereignty, and cultural heritage) and procedural rights (such as free, prior and informed consent and access to justice). The document aims to democratize international law to empower these groups in negotiations, litigation, and the management of their social-ecological systems.

The report details a workshop held in Thailand that produced text proposals and key messages to weave human rights into the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. It argues that human rights and a healthy planet are mutually dependent and suggests that the framework must move beyond a utilitarian view of nature to recognize the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities, particularly regarding land tenure and the protection of environmental defenders.