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Armando Carvalho and Others v. European Parliament and Council of the European Union [2021]
The European Court of Justice (ECJ) dismissed an appeal by 37 youth claimants who argued that the EU's climate regime violated fundamental rights and international obligations. The court rejected the claims on standing grounds, ruling that the applicants did not meet the 'individual concern' requirement under Article 263 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The court maintained that the general effects of climate change do not grant individual standing to challenge measures of general application.
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Document type: Case study
Fit for 55 factsheet: CO2 standards for cars and vans
The document outlines the evolution of EU CO2 standards for cars and vans, highlighting a 20% reduction target by 2025 and a 100% reduction by 2035 relative to 2021 emissions. It notes the introduction of mandatory Territorial Just Transition Plans for Member States and a requirement for the Commission to report on a common life-cycle CO2 emissions methodology by 2023. The text also observes that proposed interim targets for 2027 and higher 2030 goals failed to pass, potentially slowing the price decrease of electric vehicles.
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Document type: Fact sheet
LIFE AFTER COAL CAMPAIGN COMMENTS ON THE CLIMATE CHANGE BILL, 2022
The Life After Coal/Impilo Ngaphandle Kwamalahle Campaign, represented by the Centre for Environmental Rights, groundWork, and Earthlife Africa, submitted comments on the Climate Change Bill, 2022. The submission argues that the Bill is insufficient to address the climate emergency and lacks the urgency, ambition, and enforcement mechanisms necessary to meet South Africa's international obligations under the Paris Agreement and protect constitutional rights.
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Document type: Statement
La Rose v. Her Majesty the Queen
The case of La Rose v. Her Majesty the Queen involved a claim by fifteen Canadian youths asserting that Canada's greenhouse gas emissions and support for fossil fuel industries were incompatible with a stable climate and violated their rights under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the public trust doctrine. The Federal Court of Canada dismissed the claim, ruling that the Charter-based arguments were not justiciable because they sought judicial intervention in overall government policy and that the public trust doctrine was not supported in Canadian law.
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Document type: Case study
Fairness in Climate Advocacy
The guide outlines eight key recommendations for climate advocacy to ensure fairness is central to campaign design. It emphasizes the need to understand divergent perceptions of fairness between left- and right-leaning audiences, the importance of genuine public participation in policy design, and the use of trusted, diverse messengers to reach skeptical communities. The document suggests framing the energy transition as a tool to combat existing inequality in Britain and positioning UK leadership in net zero as a matter of national interest and pride, regardless of the actions of other nations like China or India.
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Document type: Guide
Renewing the social contract for a safe, fair and sustainable future
The Green Economy Coalition calls for a new social contract to replace current economic systems that subsidize nature's destruction by $1.8 trillion annually. The proposal outlines five areas of action: recognizing economic dependence on nature, adopting green and fair economy principles, utilizing the Green Economy Tracker for policy interventions, ensuring inclusive citizen engagement in transitions, and renewing the social contract through mechanisms like ecological constitutions and social compacts.
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Document type: Statement
G7 2022: All in for clean energy
The We Mean Business Coalition urges G7 leaders to lead a rapid transition away from fossil fuels through specific targets, including decarbonized power systems by 2035 and the elimination of fossil fuel subsidies by 2025. The coalition emphasizes that the war in Ukraine has highlighted the vulnerability of fossil fuel dependence and calls for strengthened NDCs, scaled-up renewable energy, and mandatory corporate climate disclosures to ensure a just and people-centred transition.
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Document type: Statement
URGENT REQUEST FOR INFORMATION RELATING TO CLIMATE CHANGE BILL B9-2022
The Centre for Environmental Rights, representing the Life After Coal/Impilo Ngaphandle Kwamalahle Campaign, has requested urgent information from the South African government to inform public comments on the Climate Change Bill B9-2022. The request focuses on the proposed removal of Schedule 3 (the emissions trajectory), the status of the National Adaptation Strategy and Plan, the timelines for future regulations, and access to an updated socio-economic impact assessment.
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Document type: Statement
Mainstreaming Animal Welfare
The document identifies a gap in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, noting that none of its 169 targets reference individual animal welfare. It argues that this oversight hinders the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals and proposes three pathways for integration: incorporating welfare into international legal instruments, improving national and local policies, and enhancing knowledge and international cooperation. The authors acknowledge that this process will require transformative changes to industries and values, necessitating innovative thinking and just transition planning to manage trade-offs.
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Document type: Research paper
Sustainable Consumption and Digitalization
This research paper examines the intersection of global supply chain governance, digitalization, and environmental sustainability, emphasizing the need for international cooperation and the integration of decent work into green transitions.
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Document type: Research paper
Business groups call on EFRAG, GRI, SEC, and ISSB for global consistency in corporate sustainability reporting
The We Mean Business Coalition calls for global consistency in corporate sustainability reporting to support the Paris Agreement and the Glasgow Climate Pact. The coalition argues that misalignments in terminology and definitions between the SEC, EFRAG, GRI, and ISSB risk undermining the impact of these standards and increasing reporting burdens for companies. Specifically, the coalition urges the CSRD to align with ISSB and GRI on impact materiality, calls on the US SEC to allow the use of ISSB standards to meet reporting obligations, and encourages the ISSB to establish itself as the global baseline for sustainability-related financial disclosures.
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Document type: Statement
Governments take note: science-based targets lead to faster emissions cuts, the right policy can cut them faster still
The We Mean Business Coalition highlights that companies using the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) are reducing emissions faster than the global average, noting a 12% cut in 2020 compared to a 5% global decrease. With 2,253 companies representing $38 trillion in market capitalization engaged with SBTi, the author urges G7 governments to align Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) with the goal of halving global emissions by 2030 and to create legal requirements for all companies to set targets. The document emphasizes that a just transition to clean energy—through renewables, electrification, and energy efficiency—is essential to enable businesses to decarbonize their value chains and meet these targets.
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Document type: Statement
Structured Finance for Energy Transition
The document argues that structured finance contracts often insulate fossil fuel assets from market forces, creating a barrier to clean energy transition. Using the Red Hills Power Plant in Mississippi as a case study, it proposes a restructuring model that provides financial benefits to electricity customers, bondholders, the coal supplier, and workers while accelerating the plant's retirement.
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Document type: Report
Decoding the coming AGM
Reclaim Finance asserts that Equinor's climate plan is insufficient to meet 1.5°C targets, noting that the company will exceed its carbon budget by 2037. The statement criticizes Equinor for continuing to develop new fossil fuel resources, including unconventional and Arctic projects, and for relying on unproven CCUS scalability. It recommends that shareholders reject the company's transition plan and support resolutions calling for absolute GHG reduction targets and a cessation of exploration.
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Document type: Statement
Green Decent Work Agenda, Social Protection and Land Reform: The Bedrock of Climate Crisis Transformative Resilience
The authors argue that South Africa's vulnerability to climate change is rooted in its political economy, specifically the fossil-fuel-dependent 'minerals-energy complex' (MEC). To move beyond simple coping strategies toward 'transformative resilience,' the paper outlines three pillars: a Green Decent Work Agenda (GDWA) to create sustainable livelihoods, social protection (specifically a universal basic income guarantee) to provide safety nets, and radical, state-led land reform to reduce exposure to risk and enhance adaptive capacity.
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Document type: Research paper
Communities in Flux
The report documents the physical, mental, and community-level impacts of fracking in Northeastern British Columbia through interviews and surveys. Residents report chronic stress and sleep disruption caused by constant noise, light, and odours, alongside acute symptoms like sore throats and headaches following emissions. Long-term health concerns raised include multiple chemical sensitivities, year-round allergies, respiratory issues, and elevated cancer rates in young people. The document also highlights community degradation, including the loss of social networks as residents move away, food insecurity for Indigenous peoples due to contaminated traditional foods, and public safety risks from transient workers. The authors recommend a moratorium on new natural gas wells in Canada and the implementation of the precautionary principle to protect residents.
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Document type: Report
ACCELERATING THE FOSSIL GAS TRANSITION TO NET ZERO
The report contends that fossil gas cannot be considered a transition fuel due to significant methane leakage and the need for rapid decarbonisation by 2030. It argues that the EU's Complementary Delegated Act threatens the credibility of the EU Taxonomy by allowing fossil gas as a transitional activity. The document advocates for a rapid shift to low-carbon hydrogen, prioritised for hard-to-abate sectors, and warns against 'gas blending' as an inefficient decarbonisation strategy. It recommends the use of additionality requirements for electrolysers to prevent them from cannibalising renewable energy growth and suggests various financial mechanisms, including Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCfDs) and green public procurement, to mobilise investment. The report also emphasizes the need for a Just Transition to protect workers and low-income households from the regressive effects of carbon pricing.
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Document type: Report
ÉLECTRO-FÉDÉRALISME POLITIQUES POUR ALIGNER LES SYSTÈMES ÉLECTRIQUES AVEC LA CARBONEUTRALITÉ
The report identifies four critical barriers to Canada's electricity transition: misaligned federal climate policies, lack of provincial institutional coordination, potential electricity rate increases, and insufficient interregional connectivity. To overcome these, it advocates for a combination of federal carbon pricing reform, the implementation of national performance standards, and the use of negotiated agreements where federal funding is tied to provincial governance reforms. Key recommendations include clarifying the mandates of provincial regulators to include climate goals, developing comprehensive energy plans, and utilizing the tax base rather than just electricity rates to fund infrastructure and support low-income households.
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Document type: Report
NET ZERO OPPORTUNITIES
The report analyzes how Canadian provinces are positioned to navigate the net zero transition, focusing on 'demand-creation' sectors. It identifies a performance gap between the four largest provinces—British Columbia, Quebec, Ontario, and Alberta—which are leading in innovation and investment, and smaller provinces that are just beginning to develop these markets. The document provides five strategic recommendations for provincial and federal governments to build investor confidence, connect innovators with buyers, support rural and Indigenous communities, leverage high-potential companies, and increase R&D investment.
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Document type: Report
LES POSSIBILITÉS DE LA TRANSITION CARBONEUTRE
The report analyzes how Canadian provinces are positioned to benefit from the global shift toward a net-zero economy, identifying leaders and laggards in the creation of clean-growth enterprises. It highlights that while Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia, and Alberta lead in company creation and investment, other provinces show varying levels of progress. The document outlines ten promising transition markets—including clean electricity, batteries, and hydrogen—and provides five strategic recommendations for provincial and federal governments to enhance competitiveness, attract private investment, and ensure a just transition for vulnerable rural and Indigenous communities.
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Document type: Report