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The document argues that decisive action on climate change, specifically regulating the oil and gas industry and its financial backers, is necessary to prevent the worsening of wildfires, heat domes, and floods in Canada. It highlights the disproportionate impact of these events on Indigenous peoples and criticizes the Canadian government for prioritizing fossil fuel infrastructure, such as the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion, over emissions reductions.

The report analyzes the implementation of renewable energy (RE) mini-grids in Eastern Indonesia, specifically in East Nusa Tenggara and East Kalimantan. It finds that while private sector interest in small-scale RE projects is low due to high costs and perceived risks, community-driven approaches—characterized by local ownership and the use of Village-Owned Enterprises (VOEs)—are critical for sustainability. Through case studies in Muara Enggelam, Watukarere, Mata Redi, and Treweng, the document highlights that success depends on community consensus, capacity building, and the integration of energy access with local economic development. It recommends that the Indonesian government prioritize inclusive, community-based frameworks and streamlined investment mechanisms to achieve universal energy access.

Friends of the Earth Africa rejects the claim that fossil fuel expansion serves African interests, asserting that such projects lead to environmental degradation and human rights abuses rather than energy access. The organization advocates for a people-led transition to clean energy, the rejection of gas as a transition fuel, and the demand for technology transfers and grants to cover ecological debts owed to the region.

The document outlines the need for a substantial increase in climate finance for developing countries, arguing that current profit-driven practices often undermine human rights. It presents a toolkit intended for campaigners and state actors to identify intervention points for reforming the economic system and advocating for equitable, low-carbon development.

Climate Strategies recommends that the UAE Just Transition Work Programme (JTWP) adopt a multi-sectoral approach, align international dialogues with the priorities of affected local communities, and ensure the participation of marginalized voices and practitioners to overcome barriers to international cooperation.

Climate Strategies advocates for the UNFCCC's Just Transition Work Programme (JTWP) to move beyond a narrow focus on energy sector workforce impacts toward a broader framework of procedural and distributional justice. The submission suggests that expanding the scope of just transitions allows for better alignment of climate and development goals, particularly for developing countries, and leverages the JTWP to enhance the overall ambition and implementation of the Paris Agreement.

The document argues that incorporating just transition strategies into NDCs is essential for increasing the ambition and effectiveness of climate action. It notes that only 31% of current NDCs include social dimensions and suggests that those that do are more likely to attract necessary international investment. The author calls for the Just Transition Work Programme to provide technical and institutional capacity building to help policymakers draft feasible targets and mainstream social justice.

The document argues that climate adaptation indicators should be defined as values providing an overview of progress in reducing exposure and vulnerability to climate effects. It emphasizes that because adaptation is complex—influenced by temporal, spatial, economic, social, and cultural dimensions—metrics must reflect both the process and quality of adaptation efforts and the enhancement of adaptive capacity.

The NZBA's steel sector guidance is criticized for failing to mandate strict target methodologies, omitting capital markets activities, and ignoring coal mine methane emissions. The authors argue that banks must adopt policies to end financing for blast furnace expansion and metallurgical coal mining to align with a 1.5°C pathway.

The statement supports the Special Rapporteur's mapping report, specifically its focus on fossil fuels, loss and damage, and the risks associated with geoengineering and carbon credits. It calls for further investigation into human rights violations across the entire fossil fuel lifecycle to support a just transition and emphasizes the necessity of an intersectional approach to protect marginalized groups.

The European Climate Neutrality Observatory's (ECNO) second annual assessment finds that while the EU is moving toward climate neutrality in terms of policies and indicators, the pace of progress is currently too slow. To accelerate the transition, the report recommends improving the implementation of policies at the Member State level, unlocking enabling conditions, closing the investment gap by aligning finance, and adopting a people-centred approach to ensure a socially just transition.

The Social Climate Fund (SCF) is an EU initiative designed to alleviate energy and transport poverty resulting from the introduction of the ETS2 carbon pricing system for buildings and road transport. Operating from 2026 to 2032, the fund will provide approximately €86.7 billion in targeted support to EU member states, primarily for lower-income groups and micro-enterprises. Funding is allocated based on need, with Poland, France, Italy, Spain, and Romania receiving the largest shares. To access funds, member states must submit Social Climate Plans (SCPs) by June 2025, which must include impact assessments and decarbonisation strategies. While the SCF supports green investments and limited temporary income support, it is not intended to solve the root causes of existing energy and transport poverty.

The report argues that for China's power sector to meet its 2030 peak emissions and 2060 carbon neutrality targets, electrical utilities must develop credible, science-based transition plans. These plans serve as the foundation for transition finance instruments, such as Use of Proceeds (UoP) bonds and sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs). While China is a major global issuer of SLBs, the report notes a lack of alignment with rigorous standards, as many domestic issuers focus on renewable energy capacity rather than comprehensive greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets. The document provides a framework for utilities to develop transition plans and select appropriate financial tools to support low-carbon development, including the retirement of coal assets and grid optimisation.

The report highlights that steel and cement are the largest industrial emitters, accounting for over 7% and 6% of global CO2 emissions in 2022. It argues that credible corporate transition plans are essential for unlocking private capital, particularly through sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs). An analysis of 20 companies reveals that while 90% have published transition plans, there is a significant lack of consistency in financing disclosure and a critical gap in concrete 'just transition' objectives. The document emphasizes that emerging markets will lead demand growth and hold the majority of coal-based blast furnace capacity requiring reinvestment by 2030, making international coordination and supportive public procurement policies vital for a credible transition.

The report analyzes how public development banks (PDBs) can align their operations with the Paris Agreement, distinguishing between 'project-level alignment' and 'portfolio-level net-zero' approaches. It argues that project-level alignment is the essential foundation for PDBs to support national low-emission climate-resilient development pathways, while portfolio-level tools can provide strategic benefits for those engaging with the private sector. The document details 11 operational benchmarks—such as inclusion/exclusion lists, shadow carbon pricing, and risk assessments—and provides case studies of institutions like the EBRD, BNDES, and AFD to illustrate practical implementation.

The Western Balkans have over 23 GW of prospective utility-scale solar and wind projects, a 70% increase from the previous year. This capacity could render proposed gas-fired power plants obsolete, potentially averting 103 million tonnes of lifetime CO2 emissions and saving over €9 billion in energy costs and stranded assets. Currently, operating utility-scale solar and wind account for only 7% of the regional electricity mix (1.5 GW). Serbia leads the region in both operating (29%) and prospective (47%) capacity, though its construction rate is among the lowest. The report argues that the region should prioritize a just energy transition over gas-fired power, which is being promoted by EU, U.S., and Russian interests, to avoid carbon lock-in and import dependence.

The report analyzes how border carbon adjustments (BCAs), such as the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), affect Trinidad and Tobago's hydrocarbon-dependent economy. It identifies significant risks to the competitiveness of key exports like ammonia and fertilizers, while highlighting opportunities for the country to accelerate its transition to a green hydrogen economy and implement domestic carbon pricing.

The report examines the paradox of the mining sector, which is essential for supplying critical minerals for energy transition technologies but is itself a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. It analyzes the sector's impact on NDCs, with a focus on coal mining and critical minerals, and provides case studies from Chile, Indonesia, and South Africa to highlight the challenges of achieving a just transition. The document concludes with policy recommendations for improving data quality, creating sector-specific mitigation packages, and fostering shared responsibility between producing and destination countries.

The report finds that the DMRE has exhibited significant reluctance to lead South Africa's just energy transition (JET), often viewing it as a 'western imposition'. This resistance is rooted in the historical minerals-energy complex (MEC) and a desire to protect vested interests in the coal sector and black industrialist projects. The document highlights a lack of policy articulation, poor stakeholder engagement, and internal organizational incoherence caused by repeated mergers and splits. It recommends that the successor departments—Mineral and Petroleum Resources, and Electricity and Energy—improve transparency, update the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) regularly, and align the transition with the post-apartheid racial transformation agenda.

RMI conducted a pre-feasibility analysis on a coal power plant in Indonesia's Java-Bali region, evaluating four transition scenarios: baseline operation, early retirement without repurposing, early retirement with clean energy repurposing, and biomass co-firing. The analysis found that early retirement is financially feasible, especially with blended financing, and that clean repurposing via solar PV and battery storage offers the highest value and emissions reductions, provided land constraints are overcome. Conversely, biomass co-firing was found to be generally unprofitable due to high retrofit costs.