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The document asserts that federal light-duty vehicle standards set by the EPA and NHTSA in 2012 benefit West Virginia through fuel savings, job creation, and emissions reductions. It claims that by 2030, the average West Virginia household will be $3,500 richer due to gas savings outweighing the upfront cost of more efficient vehicles. To date, the state has saved $220 million, and the standards are projected to create 2,300 new jobs in the state. Environmentally, the document states that these standards eliminate global warming emissions in West Virginia equivalent to more than those generated by providing electricity to Charleston.

The report evaluates India's 'Green Industrial Policy' as a blend of market-failure corrections and traditional industrial development goals. While the 'green' objectives—energy access, security, and GHG abatement—have seen success, the industrial policy goals of creating a competitive domestic manufacturing base and fostering R&D have fared poorly. The solar sector has struggled against cheap imports, while the wind sector, though more mature, has seen a decline in global competitiveness and a recent drop in installations following the withdrawal of tax incentives.

The document examines the SA-EU Strategic Partnership, highlighting the EU's role as South Africa's leading regional trade partner and a major source of foreign direct investment. It contrasts youth unemployment challenges in both the EU and the SADC region, noting South Africa's goal to create 11 million jobs by 2030. The briefing also discusses the impact of migrant labour and remittances from South Africa to other SADC nations, specifically Zimbabwe, and notes a 24% decline in South African FDI from 2011 to 2012.

The paper analyzes the relationship between firm size, productivity, and export destinations in South Africa. It finds that exports are highly concentrated among a small number of large firms and that there is a distinct divide between high-productivity firms exporting to developed markets (North America and Europe) and lower-productivity firms exporting to Africa (SADC). The author argues that regional African markets are the most viable path for small-to-medium enterprises and for job creation, as they do not require the same productivity thresholds as global markets. The study also identifies volatile exchange rates and transport costs as primary constraints facing South African exporters.

The document analyzes the nexus of trade, investment, and competition policy in South Africa, highlighting the shift from early trade liberalization to a more cautious approach centered on employment creation. It details the role of the Competition Act of 1998 in addressing public interest and the complexities of managing foreign direct investment (FDI), illustrated by the Walmart-Massmart merger. The author argues that a robust competition regime is essential to maximize the benefits of FDI and ensure market efficiency while adhering to international obligations.

The paper argues that while efficient services are essential for industrialisation, generalised services trade liberalisation is not the optimal strategy for South Africa or other developing countries. It highlights the critical linkages between manufacturing and services, noting that manufacturing acts as a primary source of demand for the services sector and that a decline in manufacturing would adversely affect job creation. The author warns against 'premature deindustrialisation' and the loss of policy space resulting from 'GATS-plus' obligations in North-South regional and bilateral agreements, particularly those involving the EU and US. The document concludes that South Africa needs a strategic services trade policy aligned with its Trade Policy and Strategy Framework (TPSF) and industrial goals, rather than a blanket approach to liberalisation.

The report presents wind power as a viable alternative to fossil fuels in the U.S., highlighting its competitiveness with natural gas and its ability to reduce CO2 emissions and water consumption. It details economic advantages such as job creation and local tax revenue, while addressing environmental impacts on wildlife and human concerns regarding noise and aesthetics. The document concludes that reaching a target of 20 percent wind electricity by 2030 is feasible and affordable, provided the U.S. adopts stable long-term policies like a national renewable electricity standard.

The paper examines the theoretical and empirical debate surrounding trade liberalisation in South Africa, specifically its effects on growth, employment, and poverty. It critiques common methodological tools, including partial equilibrium approaches, effective rates of protection (ERP), and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models, noting that they often rely on restrictive assumptions and fail to account for dynamic effects or institutional complexities. The author argues that the 'free trade' ideal is an unrealistic benchmark and suggests that South Africa should instead pursue a 'sensible management of trade' that creates dynamic comparative advantages and protects industrial policy space to achieve structural change and job creation.

The document argues that implementing fuel-efficiency standards and technologies for medium- and heavy-duty trucks in the U.S. would generate significant job growth, increase GDP, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It highlights that while these vehicles represent only 4% of U.S. highway vehicles, they consume over 20% of fuel, and that widespread adoption of efficiency technologies could save 100 billion gallons of fuel by 2030.

The document argues that improving the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty trucks in the U.S. would create significant job growth, increase GDP, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, provided that market barriers are overcome through performance standards and incentives.

The document examines Singapore's use of financial incentives to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) in the biomedical sciences (BMS) sector. While the sector saw significant growth in FDI and employment between 2000 and 2007, the report notes that its total employment capacity is limited compared to other manufacturing sectors like electronics. It argues that incentives must be part of a broader industrial policy to avoid reducing national welfare through competitive bidding and suggests focusing on specific disease areas where Singapore has a comparative advantage.

The document advocates for a transition to a clean energy economy in the United States, specifically promoting the 'Climate 2030: A National Blueprint for a Clean Energy Economy'. It argues that such a transition would generate $255 billion in net annual savings by 2030, create hundreds of thousands of jobs, and reduce reliance on foreign oil. The text compares these goals with the American Clean Energy and Security Act (ACES), noting that while ACES has minimal negative economic impact, the more comprehensive Blueprint policies offer greater benefits in terms of emissions cuts and cost savings.

The document argues that a national energy efficiency resource standard (EERS) is the most cost-effective way to meet new energy needs in Alabama. According to the text, such a standard could save the state $3.6 billion and create over 5,000 new jobs. By 2015, Alabama could reduce electricity consumption by 9%, which would offset approximately 72% of the projected increase in demand. Data for 2020 projections, based on a 15% electricity and 10% natural gas savings target, estimate annual electricity savings of 12,440 GWh, a reduction in peak demand equivalent to 13 power plants of 300 MW, and CO2 emission savings of 9.8 million metric tons.

The report examines how Southeast Asian countries use investment incentives to attract FDI and the resulting impacts on sustainable development. While incentives have contributed to economic growth and job creation in some nations, the report finds significant evidence of redundancy, where investments would have occurred regardless of incentives. It highlights the importance of a supportive overall investment environment over isolated incentives and notes that environmental impacts remain under-researched. The document also discusses regional investment competition, the 'China effect', and the role of bilateral and regional treaties in shaping investment regimes.

The report finds that while Indonesia offers various investment incentives, such as tax facilities and import duty exemptions, these are not the primary drivers for FDI in the chemical sector; instead, the large domestic market and international interest rates are more significant. While FDI has fostered economic growth and provided employment in Banten province, the industry remains heavily dependent on imported inputs and has caused significant air pollution, although foreign-invested firms generally show higher environmental compliance than domestic ones.

The research paper examines the Red Door initiative, an $18 million training programme in the Western Cape, South Africa, designed to support micro-entrepreneurs. It argues that the project prioritises political 'puffery' and input metrics—such as the number of visitors—over actual outcomes and sustainable job creation. Critics and managers suggest the current training is too rudimentary and lacks the mentorship and practical experience necessary to help entrepreneurs successfully win tenders or scale their businesses.

The Appalachian Regional Clean Hydrogen Hub (ARCH2) is projected to create over 21,000 direct jobs, including 18,000 in construction and 3,000 permanent positions, through 11 major projects in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio. The initiative involves a broad coalition of partners including project developers like Air Liquide and Plug Power, industrial equipment providers such as Baker Hughes and Bloom Energy, and various government, academic, and labor organizations across the region.

The Heartland Hydrogen Hub is projected to create 3,880 direct jobs, including 3,067 in construction and 703 permanent positions. The initiative involves two major projects and is led by the University of North Dakota Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) as the prime contractor, with industry sponsors including Atlas Agro North America Corp. and Xcel Energy Services Inc.

The Clean Air Task Force (CATF) asserts that hydrogen is a critical tool for reaching full decarbonization in the U.S. by 2050, particularly for sectors that are challenging or impossible to electrify. The document advocates for the hydrogen production tax credit (PTC) in the Build Back Better Act (BBBA), stating it will incentivize both 'green' hydrogen (from electrolyzers powered by low-carbon electricity) and 'blue' hydrogen (from fossil fuels with carbon capture and low methane leaks). According to CATF, the PTC will primarily benefit the green hydrogen market while accelerating the development of necessary infrastructure. The document identifies six key sectors for hydrogen application: heavy trucking, marine shipping, aviation fuels, industrial process heating, ironmaking, and power system balancing. Additionally, it claims that hydrogen can improve local air quality compared to internal combustion engines and that public investment in hydrogen demonstration projects could create approximately 10,000 permanent jobs over the next decade.

The HyVelocity Hydrogen Hub is projected to create 45,000 direct jobs, including 35,000 in construction and 10,000 permanent positions. The initiative involves seven major projects located in areas such as the Golden Triangle, Corpus Christi, and Louisiana. The hub is supported by a wide consortium of industry sponsors, including AES Corporation, Air Liquide, Chevron New Energies, ExxonMobil Low Carbon Solutions, MHI Hydrogen Infrastructure (MHI H2I), and Orsted, with GTI Energy serving as the prime consortium representative and administrator.