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This report analyzes the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions embodied in international trade and explores whether shifting production to lower-intensity regions could reduce global emissions. Using MRIO models and IEA data, the authors find significant variations in GHG intensity for products like clothing (up to a factor of five) and steel. Specifically, Brazil and Turkey are highlighted as low-intensity steel producers due to their energy mixes and technologies. While shifting production to regions with better access to low-GHG energy (such as the Americas for steel) offers potential benefits, the report notes that implementing trade policies to steer these flows is complicated by WTO laws and administrative challenges.

This policy brief examines the intersection of transport and environment in sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting critical issues such as rising urban air pollution, high road fatality rates, and traffic congestion. It argues that current transport policies often favor automobiles over the needs of poor and vulnerable populations and calls for an integrated approach to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve equity through strategies like the 'avoid, shift, improve' framework.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions implications of the Keystone XL pipeline, specifically focusing on how the infrastructure might increase global oil consumption by lowering prices through increased supply.

This research paper examines the history and potential of rural biogas production in China, arguing that while subsidy-based programs have increased growth, policies must adapt to current livestock production realities to be effective. It explores how China could integrate these policies into a Sustainable Development – Policies and Measures (SD-PAM) mechanism to access international funding and technology.

Friends of the Earth issued a statement following the re-election of President Barack Obama in November 2012, urging him to prioritize climate change and move away from an "all of the above" energy strategy in response to the devastation of Superstorm Sandy.

A statement by World Resources Institute President Andrew Steer regarding the re-election of President Obama, urging the administration to establish a strong national climate and energy strategy and take a more ambitious role in international climate negotiations.

This fact sheet by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) examines the need for harmonizing demand-side management (DSM) energy efficiency data in the United States. It argues that while DSM programs are widespread and budgets have grown to over $8 billion as of 2011, inconsistent evaluation methods and reporting practices hinder their effectiveness in climate policy-making. The document maps various policy drivers for data harmonization—ranging from integrated resource planning to the Clean Air Act—and identifies the specific decision-makers and potential climate benefits associated with creating common definitions and reporting formats.

This meeting report from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) documents a workshop held in Bali, Indonesia, in November 2012. The event focused on the challenges and opportunities of fossil-fuel subsidy reform in Southeast Asia, presenting case studies from the Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Iran, while providing a policy framework for sustainable reform.

This statement from the Climate Policy Initiative discusses the role of industrial audits and data transparency in maximizing the public health and environmental benefits of California's cap and trade system.

This issue brief analyzes China's clean power sector, detailing its massive growth in electricity capacity, its continued heavy reliance on coal, and the government's strategic shift toward renewable energy and emissions controls under the 12th Five Year Plan.

This fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute describes the status and strategies for deploying plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in the United States as of October 2012. It details federal, state, and local initiatives to build charging infrastructure, the role of 'model communities' in scaling adoption, and the integration of PEVs into government and commercial fleets to reduce petroleum dependence and greenhouse gas emissions.

This report documents a series of workshops organized by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) at the United Nations Internet Governance Forum (IGF) between 2008 and 2011. The workshops focused on the intersection of Internet policy, governance, and sustainable development, exploring how technical and policy decisions regarding the Internet impact social, economic, and environmental goals.

This policy brief describes a study using a global-to-local modelling approach to analyze the interactions between socio-economic development, land use, food security, and climate change in Vietnam for the period 2010-2030. The study employs a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model combined with a spatial land use model to project outcomes under three scenarios: Business As Usual (BAU), High Climate Impact (HCI), and High Economic Growth (HEG).

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) evaluates the impact of British Columbia's carbon tax and provides recommendations for its future. The document argues that the tax has successfully reduced emissions without hindering economic growth and suggests maintaining the current policy structure while addressing emerging challenges such as natural gas expansion and price misalignment with the United States.

This case study examines the implementation and expansion of the Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP) program by the State Government of Sao Paulo, Brazil, detailing the legal frameworks established since 1995 and identifying areas for further improvement in reporting, accountability, and supplier management.

This research paper evaluates the potential of biofuels to help the UK meet emission reduction targets set in the Low Carbon Transition Plan (LCTP) and EU obligations, using a hybrid life-cycle assessment across four scenarios.

This case study examines the Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP) program of the Sao Paulo State Government, Brazil. It details the program's evolution from 2004, its legal foundations under Brazilian federal and state law, and the operational tools used to integrate socio-environmental criteria into the procurement of goods, services, and construction works. The document highlights the use of electronic systems, such as the Electronic Procurement Exchange (BEC/SP) and reverse auctions, to increase efficiency and transparency while promoting sustainable development.

The document is a user guide for the Green Resources and Energy Analysis Tool (GREAT), an application framework based on the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) software. Developed by the China Energy Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, GREAT is specifically designed for energy policy analysis and emission assessments at the provincial and municipal levels in China.

The document introduces a framework for analyzing Sustainable Development – Policies and Measures (SD-PAMs), which are policy proposals designed to promote sustainable development with climate benefits as side effects, particularly within the context of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) by developing countries.

This chapter from the Global Environment Outlook 5 (GEO-5) report evaluates the environmental governance and policy effectiveness in Europe, highlighting the role of the European Union (EU) and pan-European initiatives in managing climate change, air quality, water resources, waste, and biodiversity.