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The report analyzes the transition from biomass and kerosene to LPG in Ghaziabad, India. It finds that while there is high willingness to use clean fuel, poor households are deterred by high startup costs and documentation requirements, often resorting to a costly black market. The study highlights the regressive nature of current subsidies and the significant impact of female literacy and household income on fuel switching.

The document is a call to action by cleantech entrepreneurs and supporting organisations directed at COP21. It argues that viable solutions for decarbonisation already exist but are hindered by policy influence and capital allocation favouring the fossil fuel industry. The signatories demand a global shift to 100% renewable energy by 2050, the redirection of finance away from fossil fuels, and the implementation of science-based targets and carbon pricing.

The document examines China's transition from a flat-rate residential electricity pricing system to a tiered electricity pricing (TEP) system introduced in October 2010. The TEP system is designed to ensure affordability for low-consumption households through subsidized initial blocks while discouraging overconsumption via higher rates for increased use. The analysis focuses on the reform's effects on equity, economic efficiency, and the cost of subsidies, as well as the communication strategies used with stakeholders.

The document outlines a study designed to inform Indonesia's domestic fuel pricing policy by comparing international experiences. It aims to establish a baseline of Indonesia's current system, summarize global pricing knowledge for policy-makers, and identify viable policy options to manage fuel price volatility and enforce the pricing mechanism introduced in 2015.

The Indonesian government implemented significant energy subsidy reforms starting in November 2014, transitioning from fixed prices to a more market-responsive pricing mechanism. While initial price hikes in November 2014 led to inflation and public protests, a sharp decline in global oil prices allowed the government to lower fuel prices in January 2015 while simultaneously removing subsidies on Premium gasoline in the Java-Madura-Bali region. The government aims to reallocate an estimated IDR 194.2 trillion in savings toward productive sectors, including infrastructure and state-owned enterprises. Additional reforms targeted LPG and electricity tariffs, supported by social assistance programs like the Indonesia Smart Card to mitigate impacts on vulnerable populations.

The report examines the energy sector in Bangladesh, highlighting a sharp increase in energy subsidies from US$128 million in FY2010 to US$1.91 billion in FY2012. It identifies a critical supply-demand gap in electricity and the high cost of relying on liquid fuel-based rental power plants. The document outlines the government's Power System Master Plan (PSMP) 2010, which aims for fuel diversification including coal, nuclear, and renewables. It argues for a transition toward cost-reflective pricing and targeted cash transfers to replace broad subsidies, aligned with an IMF Extended Credit Facility arrangement to restore fiscal sustainability.

The report analyzes Mongolia's energy transition using four scenarios: a coal-heavy reference case, a 'recent plans' case, an 'expanded green energy' case, and a 'shift in energy export' case. It finds that aggressive energy efficiency and renewable energy deployment could halve territorial GHG emissions by 2035 and reduce overall energy demand by 32% compared to the reference scenario. The study highlights the potential for Mongolia to shift from exporting coal to exporting renewable electricity to Northeast Asia, which would significantly reduce extraction-based emissions and mitigate the economic risk of 'carbon entanglement'.

The report analyzes the energy landscape of Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama, noting a growing dependence on imported fossil fuels despite significant renewable potential. It highlights that while the region leads in hydropower and geothermal energy, resources like wind and solar remain underutilized. The document identifies critical gaps in resource data, socioeconomic assessments, and administrative efficiency, while recommending a 'long, loud, and legal' policy approach to attract investment and achieve a 100 percent renewable electricity grid.

The document provides a comprehensive overview of energy subsidies in Thailand, detailing the mechanisms used to subsidize LPG, NGV, diesel, electricity, and biofuels. It argues that while these subsidies aim to ensure affordability, they often disproportionately benefit higher-income groups, encourage wasteful consumption, and create fiscal strain on the government and state-owned enterprises. The guide outlines the negative impacts of these subsidies, such as fuel smuggling and environmental degradation, and suggests reform strategies based on international experience, emphasizing the need for market-based pricing and targeted social assistance.

The report identifies a shift in public opinion between 2010 and 2012, with the 'Alarmed' segment growing from 10 percent to 16 percent and the 'Dismissive' segment shrinking from 16 percent to 8 percent. Across most segments, improved public health, reduced foreign oil dependence, and green job creation are viewed as top benefits of reducing fossil fuel use, while increased government regulation and higher energy prices are seen as the primary drawbacks. While majorities across all six groups support increasing renewable energy use, support for a carbon tax varies based on the proposal's specific benefits. Additionally, most segments believe that campaign contributors and the fossil fuel industry exert more influence over elected officials than citizens with shared views.

The document examines the scale and impact of energy subsidies in Bangladesh, noting that they consume a significant portion of the national budget while primarily benefiting wealthier citizens. It analyzes subsidies for petroleum, natural gas, electricity, and coal, arguing that these measures distort the economy and discourage energy diversification. The guide suggests transitioning toward targeted social assistance, such as cash transfers, and implementing gradual, transparent price adjustments to mitigate the impact on the poor during reform.

The document examines the current state of literature and data on subsidies for electric power generation, noting a significant lack of consistent information and a limited number of studies that attempt to quantify these subsidies across nuclear, fossil fuel, and renewable energy sources.

The document identifies a significant lack of consistent data and information regarding subsidies for both biofuels and conventional transport fuels. It argues that current global estimates are limited and emphasizes the necessity of robust national-level estimates to enable further evaluation of these subsidies.

The study finds that A+ labeled refrigerators in the Basque Autonomous Community carry a price premium of 8.9% (approximately 60 euro) over A labeled models. This market premium is only one third of the potential lifetime energy savings (163 euro), illustrating the 'energy efficiency paradox'. The authors conclude that demand for the most energy-efficient refrigerators is highly sensitive to price changes, suggesting that subsidies of around 60 euro could be sufficient to encourage consumers to switch to high-efficiency models.

The report argues that the nuclear power industry has relied on extensive taxpayer and ratepayer subsidies for over 50 years, which mask the true costs of production and shift significant financial, safety, and environmental risks to the public. It finds that legacy subsidies for the first generation of reactors often exceeded the value of the power produced, and that new reactors are poised to repeat this pattern with projected subsidies ranging from 70% to 200% of their power value. The author recommends reducing nuclear subsidies, implementing technology-neutral competitive bidding for low-carbon energy, and modernizing liability and waste management systems to internalize costs.

The policy brief highlights a systemic gap where governments provide billions in subsidies but under-invest in the monitoring required to prevent fraud and corruption. It notes that the actual scale of these issues is obscured by government reluctance to publicize failures. The brief advocates for using high-profile fraud cases as opportunities to reform poorly designed subsidy programs and discusses the challenges and benefits of establishing a global estimate of the financial impact of such corruption.

The document investigates the economic impact of energy efficiency labels on the dishwasher market in Spain, specifically within the Basque Autonomous Community. Using a hedonic approach, the authors find that an A+ energy label increases the final price of a dishwasher by 15.6%, which equates to approximately €80 based on an average price of €514. This finding is compared to a government subsidy programme that provides between €50 and €85 to encourage the purchase of high-efficiency appliances. The study also employs the Quantity Based Demand System (QBDS) and the Linear Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) to determine price elasticities, concluding that demand for labelled appliances is significantly more elastic than for non-labelled ones. Specifically, while own price elasticity for non-labelled dishwashers ranges from -0.5 to -2, it varies from -1.2 to -13.2 for labelled appliances. The authors suggest the QBDS model is a robust, less data-demanding alternative for analyzing close substitutes in energy efficiency policy.

The paper examines fossil-fuel subsidy reforms in France, Ghana, and Senegal, concluding that while no single formula for success exists, effective reform relies on six key strategies: articulating clear objectives, building coherent policies with stakeholder support, persistent implementation, continuous monitoring and adjustment, and preventing policy backsliding.

The report examines the role of Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) in promoting energy efficiency in developing countries. While the ESCO model—where remuneration is linked to energy savings—has succeeded in developed nations and recently in China, it faces significant hurdles elsewhere. Key barriers include limited access to financing, high transaction costs, government policy disincentives such as energy subsidies, and a lack of technical and financial human resources. The document details the impact of international agencies like the World Bank and domestic government programs in countries such as Brazil, India, and South Korea. It recommends a combination of loan guarantees, the elimination of energy price subsidies, the creation of standardized contracts, and the development of domestic commercial banking capacity to sustain the industry.

The report argues that Argentina's energy security has been compromised by the shift of investment decisions from the state to the private sector following 1990s privatizations. This led to a reliance on natural gas for electricity generation and a failure to diversify the energy matrix. The author highlights how multinational companies, specifically Repsol-YPF, prioritized global investments over local supply security. Despite recent government efforts to promote renewables and nuclear power, the report concludes that supply security will remain precarious in the short term due to fiscal constraints, distorted price signals, and dependence on imports from Bolivia and Brazil.