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This final report, commissioned by the European Commission's Directorate-General for Structural Reform Support, provides a comprehensive analysis of scenarios for Estonia to achieve climate-neutral electricity production by 2050. The study evaluates eight scenarios—one baseline and seven climate-neutral—comparing them based on costs, risks, socio-economic impacts, and technical feasibility. The report recommends a strategy based on either 'All Technologies' or 'Renewables and Storage' as the most balanced paths forward, while cautioning against a heavy reliance on nuclear energy or carbon capture and utilization (CCU) due to high risks or poor economic outcomes.

This case study describes the installation of a hybrid solar grid system by Aptech Africa for the UNDP country office in Yaoundé, Cameroon, to ensure power stability for critical IT equipment and reduce the organization's carbon footprint.

CrossBoundary Energy is implementing a hybrid-renewable energy grid for a mine in Fort Dauphin, Madagascar, to replace unreliable heavy fuel oil (HFO) power. The project includes 8 MW of solar PV, 12 MW of wind turbines, and an 8 MW battery storage system (BESS), financed by EUR 24,152,505 in equity.

A case study detailing RMI's assistance to the Government of Montserrat and its utility company in installing a 750 kW solar system and 1 MWh battery storage, which brought the island to 50 percent renewable energy installed capacity.

This case study describes the Puerto Rico Community Energy Resilience Initiative (CERI), a program designed to increase energy resilience in low-to-moderate income communities through the installation of solar-plus-storage microgrids at critical facilities.

This case study describes the May 2020 installation of a high-capacity energy storage system in a private residence in Eagle Bay, Western Australia, designed to provide off-grid reliability in an area with an unstable power grid.

This techno-economic evaluation by Clyde Mallinson analyzes the South African Risk Mitigation Power Producers Procurement Programme (RM4P). The report argues that the Request for Proposals (RFP) was designed for gas-dominated projects, creating restrictive rules that unfairly penalize renewable energy and storage projects, thereby making gas projects appear more cost-competitive than they are. The author suggests that a technology-agnostic, system-integrated approach could significantly reduce tariffs and carbon emissions.

The 'Electrical Grids and Storage Criteria' document, published by the Climate Bonds Initiative in August 2021, establishes the technical eligibility requirements for grid-related assets and electricity storage projects to receive Climate Bonds Certification. It defines the scope of eligible infrastructure, sets mitigation and adaptation benchmarks, and provides a detailed checklist for assessing climate resilience to ensure investments contribute to a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy.

This guide outlines the eligibility criteria for electrical grids and storage projects to receive Climate Bonds Certification. It defines the scope of eligible assets (transmission, distribution, and storage), establishes mitigation requirements (including automatic eligibility for certain renewable-supporting equipment), and mandates a comprehensive climate adaptation and resilience assessment. It also provides methodologies for calculating grid emission factors and outlines the reporting obligations for bond issuers.

The Centre for Environmental Rights, acting on behalf of groundWork, has submitted a formal request to the South African Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy for written reasons regarding a Ministerial determination published on 25 September 2020. The determination outlines the procurement of new generation capacity from renewables, storage, gas, and coal based on the Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity 2019–2030 (IRP 2019). The request specifically challenges the inclusion of new fossil fuel capacity and seeks justification for the timing and scale of these allocations.

A case study on a decentralized renewable energy project by Ryse Energy in the Los Lagos region of Chile, which installed hybrid wind and solar mini-grids across 16 remote islands to power critical infrastructure.

This fact sheet details a debut green bond issuance by Enexis Holding NV, a Dutch electricity and gas grid group, which raised EUR 500 million in June 2020 to fund grid improvements for renewable energy, green buildings, and smart meters.

This briefing by RMI discusses how improvements in lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cycle life—specifically the pursuit of batteries capable of lasting a million miles—can enable critical energy transition applications beyond electric vehicles (EVs), including vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services, fast charging, and long-duration energy storage using second-life batteries.

This executive summary from Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) outlines a roadmap for increasing electricity system flexibility in India to support the deployment of renewable energy and reduce overall system costs. The report argues that flexibility needs are growing faster than energy demand and that a balanced portfolio of demand-side flexibility, powerplant upgrades, and energy storage can reduce system costs by 5% to 8% and carbon emissions by 8% to 12% by 2030.

This fact sheet describes a EUR 300 million green covered bond issued by Nord/LB on January 28, 2020, to finance and refinance renewable energy projects, specifically onshore wind, offshore wind, solar power, and energy storage.

The City of Richland issued a USD 3 million green bond on December 19, 2019, to fund the Horn Rapids Solar, Storage and Training (HRSST) project, a solar energy battery storage system and training facility developed by Energy Northwest and Potelco.

This 2020 industry brief by GreenCape examines the business case for energy storage in South Africa, focusing on the role of hybrid solar PV and battery systems in mitigating the impact of severe load shedding.

This fact sheet details a USD 450 million private placement green bond issued by AES Gener (a subsidiary of AES Corporation) on October 7, 2019, to finance renewable energy activities including wind, solar, and battery storage.

This fact sheet from the Climate Bonds Initiative details a EUR140 million (USD157 million) green bond issued by European Energy A/S on June 20, 2019, to fund renewable energy projects and refinance existing debt.

This fact sheet details a JPY 5 billion green bond issued by Orient Corporation on April 12, 2019, to refinance 'Green Renovation Loans' for solar power and energy storage systems.