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Using Sweden as a case study, the document examines three dimensions of charging infrastructure equity: data transparency, local accessibility, and demand flexibility. It finds that private charger density is positively correlated with disposable income and concentrated in urban areas, while car density is higher in regions where charger access is lower. The authors argue that private charging is essential for cost-effective, flexible energy use and recommend that municipalities monitor infrastructure at the postcode level to address structural inequalities.

The document identifies significant implementation gaps in Sweden's path to a fossil-free welfare society by 2045, specifically within the food and transport sectors. In transport, it highlights a lack of tailored strategies for rural populations and a reliance on reactive policies to manage fuel price shocks. In the food sector, it notes a critical absence of clear consumption-based emission targets and a failure to address the need for significant dietary shifts, such as reducing animal protein intake.

Using Sweden as a case study, this policy brief argues that electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure equity requires a focus on private charging rather than just public charging. The analysis reveals that private charger density is positively correlated with disposable income and negatively correlated with car density, meaning chargers are most concentrated in wealthy urban areas where car ownership is lowest. The authors highlight a critical lack of official data on private charging and argue that private charging is essential for cost-effective, flexible energy use. They recommend that municipalities collect data at the postcode level to identify and address structural inequalities in charger deployment.

The report examines the economic opportunities of transitioning to net-zero emissions by 2050 across several major economies. It argues that public investment can drive innovation and growth through signalling, crowding-in private capital, and reducing unit costs. While fossil fuel-exporting nations like the US, Canada, and Indonesia may face long-term GDP losses as global demand for hydrocarbons falls, the report finds that most subject economies—including the EU, UK, India, Japan, and South Africa—experience net gains in GDP and employment. The transition is predicted to significantly reduce household expenditure on fossil fuels, improve public health by reducing pollution, and enhance energy security, particularly for the EU in the context of reducing dependence on Russian gas.

The document outlines the evolution of EU CO2 standards for cars and vans, highlighting a 20% reduction target by 2025 and a 100% reduction by 2035 relative to 2021 emissions. It notes the introduction of mandatory Territorial Just Transition Plans for Member States and a requirement for the Commission to report on a common life-cycle CO2 emissions methodology by 2023. The text also observes that proposed interim targets for 2027 and higher 2030 goals failed to pass, potentially slowing the price decrease of electric vehicles.

The report finds a significant disparity in India's energy support, with fossil fuel subsidies remaining substantially higher than those for clean energy, reaching 9 times the amount in FY 2021. While overall fossil fuel subsidies decreased by 72% between 2014 and 2021, public finance institutions and state-owned utilities continue to prioritize fossil fuel projects over renewables. The study emphasizes the need to shift financial support toward clean energy technologies to meet the target of 500 GW of non-fossil power capacity by 2030.

The briefing emphasizes that clean electrification is the most efficient path to net-zero in Canada, noting that three quarters of emissions from building heating must be eliminated by 2040. It highlights the need for the industrial sector to increase electricity use to 41% by 2050 and for the electricity sector to accommodate a doubling of consumption by the same date, while noting that the electrification of medium- and heavy-duty vehicle fleets is currently lagging behind the light-duty market.

Earthjustice calls for the modernization of the 150-year-old Mining Law of 1872, asserting that current regulations allow mining companies to pollute public lands without accountability or fair compensation to taxpayers. The organization advocates for the Clean Energy Minerals Reform Act and the Biden administration's Interagency Working Group to establish standards that prioritize tribal consultation, environmental protections, and the reclamation of abandoned mines to support a clean energy transition.

The document outlines the transition to electric trucks across passenger pickups, delivery vans, box trucks, and heavy-duty rigs in North America, highlighting that several segments are economically viable for electrification now and could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

The document reports that atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane levels continue to rise, with CO2 expected to break records in May 2022 and methane seeing its largest annual increase in 2021. It identifies the energy sector as the largest global emitter (34%) and the transportation sector as the largest U.S. emitter (27%), arguing that rapid and deep emission cuts across all sectors are necessary this decade to limit warming to 1.5C or below 2C.

The Indian GSS debt market experienced significant growth in 2021, reaching a cumulative volume of USD 19.5 billion, with green bonds dominating the landscape. While the market is primarily driven by non-financial corporates and focused on utility-scale renewable energy, there is emerging activity in sustainability-linked bonds and potential for expansion into electric vehicles, waste management, and climate-smart agriculture. The Indian government is supporting this growth through the Ministry of Finance's Sustainable Finance Task Force and the planned issuance of a domestic sovereign green bond in 2022.

The report identifies four critical policy challenges in Canada's transition to a net zero electricity system by 2035: misalignment of federal climate policy, lack of coordination among provincial institutions, potential upward pressure on electricity rates, and weak incentives for interregional grid integration. To address these, the authors propose a framework of 'electric federalism' involving strengthened carbon pricing, the implementation of performance standards, and the use of government tax bases to fund infrastructure investments to protect low-income ratepayers. The report emphasizes the need for provincial regulators to have mandates explicitly aligned with climate goals and suggests that the federal government use negotiated agreements—similar to health transfers—to provide financial support conditional on provincial policy reforms.

The study finds that in most U.S. states, financing and owning an EV is cheaper on a monthly basis than an equivalent gasoline car, despite higher sticker prices. This advantage is heavily dependent on the $7,500 federal tax credit; without it, most EVs become more expensive during the loan repayment period. The research highlights that while total cost of ownership (TCO) is significantly lower for EVs over a vehicle's lifetime, consumers are often deterred by upfront costs. Increasing the federal tax credit to $10,000 would make EVs cheaper in nearly every state-vehicle comparison evaluated.

The report identifies the electrification of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (MHDVs) as critical for Canada's 2050 net-zero goals, noting that this sector lags behind light-duty vehicle adoption. It highlights three primary obstacles: limited vehicle supply from original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), charging infrastructure and grid capacity constraints, and high upfront capital costs. To address these, the document proposes catalysts including the development of short-term corporate action plans, the alignment of utility planning with decarbonization trajectories, the implementation of zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) sales mandates, and the creation of innovative public-private financing models.

The document identifies a critical gap between current electricity planning and the capacity needed for net-zero goals, proposing five catalysts—including regulatory reform and private investment—to accelerate the transition in Canada.

The document outlines a strategic framework for Canada to accelerate business electrification to reach net-zero by 2050. It identifies key barriers, such as the 'chicken-and-egg' dilemma between electricity supply and demand, and proposes five catalysts: short-term corporate action plans, integrating net-zero into utility mandates, aligning utility planning with net-zero trajectories, establishing clear performance standards and carbon pricing, and attracting private investment through innovative partnerships.

The report finds that India's energy budgeting remains heavily skewed toward fossil fuels, with subsidies for coal, oil, and gas being nine times larger than those for clean energy in FY 2021. While fossil fuel subsidies have fallen 72% since 2014, public sector undertakings (PSUs) and public finance institutions (PFIs) continue to provide substantial support to fossil projects, often lacking clear net-zero roadmaps. The analysis reveals a stark gap between revenue and social costs: conservative externalities for fossil fuels in FY 2020 (INR 1,441,464 crore) were more than double the revenues generated (INR 6,52,564 crore). The authors recommend phasing out fossil fuel support, diversifying PSU investments, and using strategic taxation to fund a just transition and clean energy infrastructure.

The document analyzes China's strategic control over the Democratic Republic of Congo's (DRC) cobalt and copper supply chains, from extraction to refining. It examines the 'resources-for-infrastructure' model initiated under President Joseph Kabila and the subsequent efforts by President Félix Tshisekedi to renegotiate contracts. The author argues that while a 'US vs China' rivalry narrative exists, the dynamics are heavily influenced by internal Congolese political needs, including electoral goals and financial gain, and notes that Chinese firms are often preferred due to their flexibility in opaque business environments.

The document introduces the 'provisioning systems' framework as a tool to analyze how human needs are met without exceeding planetary boundaries. It argues that simple policy tools like carbon pricing are insufficient because they ignore the systemic interdependencies between material stocks, techniques, and institutional elements (households, markets, the commons, and the state). Through examples of cellphone charging and mobility (road vs. air transport), the authors demonstrate how different techno-economic paradigms create different barriers to decarbonization. The paper concludes that transformative change requires multi-scalar, reflexive governance and policy portfolios that address systemic lock-ins and ensure a just transition for both producers and consumers.

The document argues that establishing a low-carbon electricity grid capable of handling increased demand from greening transportation, buildings, and industry is the essential foundation for the United States and Canada to meet their greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets.