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This case study by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the closure of the Broken Hill Proprietary Company (BHP) steelworks in Newcastle, Australia, analyzing the transition from a carbon-intensive industrial economy to a diversified regional economy. It highlights the role of long-term planning, cooperative labor-industry relations, and community leadership in mitigating social and economic shocks, while noting failures in environmental remediation funding and the quality of new employment.

A case study on the economic transition of Wałbrzych, Poland, following the rapid closure of its coal mines in the mid-1990s. The document highlights how a lack of proactive planning led to severe unemployment and poverty, while later efforts through special economic zones and EU investments have provided a path toward recovery and a low-carbon economy.

This case study examines the economic transition of Germany's Ruhr region from a coal-mining and heavy industry center to a knowledge- and tourism-based economy. It details the shift from top-down structural policies to a decentralized, inclusive engagement strategy involving trade unions and government, culminating in the closure of the last hard coal mine in 2018.

This case study examines Alberta, Canada's strategy to phase out coal-fired electricity by 2030, focusing on the financial mechanisms and social dialogue used to support affected workers and communities.

This case study describes the community-led response in Tonawanda, New York, to the closure of the NRG Energy-owned Huntley Generating Station, a coal-fired power plant. It details the formation of the Huntley Alliance, a coalition that lobbied for state funding to mitigate tax revenue losses and developed a long-term economic vision called "Tonawanda Tomorrow" to diversify the local economy and redevelop waterfront property.

This case study examines Kentucky's coal severance tax, introduced in 1972, and its role in funding economic diversification and basic services in coal-producing counties. While the tax has provided significant resources through funds like the LGEAF and LGEDF, its effectiveness is challenged by a lack of a coordinated long-term strategy and a sharp decline in revenues as coal production and employment plummet.

This policy brief by Transforma argues for a planned, inclusive phase-out of coal mining in Colombia using a 'just transition' framework. It highlights the vulnerability of the national and regional economies to declining global coal demand and recommends diversifying the economy toward low-carbon assets, addressing historical socio-environmental liabilities, and expanding social protections beyond simple employment metrics to include regional development and climate justice.

This issue brief by the Environmental and Energy Study Institute examines the economic and workforce challenges facing coal-dependent communities in the United States as they transition to a clean energy economy. It analyzes the drivers of coal's decline, evaluates proposed federal strategies for a 'just transition,' and highlights regional opportunities for economic diversification in sectors such as renewable energy, environmental remediation, broadband deployment, and entrepreneurship.

This report by the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) argues that Caribbean nations can use COVID-19 recovery stimulus to accelerate the transition to distributed energy resources (DERs). By focusing on solar PV, wind, electric vehicles (EVs), and energy efficiency, islands can create immediate jobs to offset pandemic losses while enhancing long-term resilience against climate-related shocks and diversifying economies heavily dependent on tourism.

This executive summary by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the economic transition of the Berau District in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, from a coal-dependent economy to one based on palm oil. The study finds that shifting from coal to a palm oil mono-crop is unsustainable and risks food security. It recommends a transition plan focusing on RSPO certification, increasing production efficiency, diversifying into other high-value crops like pepper and cocoa, and developing downstream processing refineries to capture added value and increase government revenue.

This report analyzes Indonesia's fiscal relationship with fossil fuels, examining the decline in production revenues, the inefficiency of consumption subsidies, and the potential for investing in renewable energy to drive economic diversification.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines policies and strategies used by governments to promote direct local employment in the mining sector. It outlines a five-step process for developing local employment policies and categorizes interventions into regulatory 'stick'-based approaches and facilitative 'carrot'-based incentives. The document emphasizes the importance of matching labour supply with industry demand, promoting gender equity and Indigenous participation, and preparing for technological shifts such as automation.

This research note argues that $2 billion in proposed federal subsidies intended to prevent the retirement of six FirstEnergy coal and nuclear power plants should instead be redirected toward economic transition and workforce development for the affected communities.

This guide by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) provides a strategic framework for governments to design and implement local content policies in the mining sector. It outlines a four-step process—aligning with national objectives, taking stock of capabilities, crafting specific policies, and establishing monitoring mechanisms—to ensure mining investments contribute to sustainable, inclusive economic development and diversification.

This research paper examines the adoption of green growth and green economy concepts by local government in Zambia, arguing that economic diversification and local government involvement are essential for achieving environmental sustainability.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the process of establishing a multistakeholder Internet public policy dialogue in Togo. It details the country's ICT landscape, the methodology used for public consultations between 2010 and 2011, and the resulting policy needs, emphasizing the gap between infrastructure growth and the lack of formal national ICT policy.

This policy briefing analyzes the economic impact of oil production in Angola, focusing on the risks of the 'resource curse' and the necessity of institutional reform to ensure sustainable growth and economic diversification before the projected peak of oil production.

This executive summary examines the impact of disruptive technologies on large-scale mining and proposes policy options to mitigate negative social and fiscal effects while leveraging technology for local economic diversification.

The report concludes that Alberta's oil sector faces a bleak long-term outlook due to technological shifts, climate action, and market volatility. Modelling indicates that price volatility could cause significant losses in GDP and employment. The authors recommend that the government pivot industrial policy away from combustible hydrocarbons toward economic diversification to manage the transition for workers and communities.

This policy briefing analyzes Ghana's readiness to manage upcoming commercial oil production, evaluating the potential for oil revenues to either strengthen or undermine the country's democratic institutions and economic stability. It emphasizes the need for legislative frameworks, economic diversification, and community consultation to avoid the 'resource curse'.