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The report argues that major steel companies, including ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, and POSCO, overlook methane emissions from coal mining in their Scope 3 disclosures. It highlights that these emissions, particularly from 'gassiest' Australian mines, significantly increase the climate impact of blast furnace-based steelmaking and are not mitigated by downstream technologies like hydrogen injection or CCUS.

The report finds that methane from Australian coking coal adds an average of 10-17% to the short-term climate impact of blast furnace-based steelmaking, with some 'super-emitting' mines potentially doubling this impact. It highlights significant underreporting of methane emissions in Australia, specifically citing the Hail Creek mine, and notes that leading steelmakers like ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, and POSCO fail to disclose the methane footprint of their coal supplies. The document argues that cutting coal mine methane is a cost-effective near-term decarbonisation step, as over half of these emissions are avoidable using existing technology.

The policy brief examines the misalignment between legacy gas utility energy efficiency programs and current state climate goals in the United States. It highlights how traditional cost-effectiveness tests often prioritize short-term gas appliance rebates over high-impact weatherization and electrification. Using examples from states like New York and Massachusetts, the document proposes six strategic reforms to redirect ratepayer funding toward long-term decarbonization and building efficiency.

The report outlines a structured path to commercialize superhot rock (SHR) geothermal energy—defined as rock hotter than 400°C—which could produce five to ten times more energy per well than conventional geothermal. It proposes a six-phase road map: establishing governance and a Steering Committee, identifying existing resources, filling technical gaps, iterative testing (modeling, lab, and field), deployment of pilot and commercial projects, and creating a continual improvement life cycle. The report identifies critical technology gaps in well construction, drilling, and heat extraction, noting that addressing these gaps independently would cost approximately $1.4 billion (USD), a figure that could be reduced through shared infrastructure and joint investment. It emphasizes the need for a global information-sharing platform and standardized protocols to avoid duplicating failures and accelerate the learning curve.

The report examines the financial and regulatory incentives needed to accelerate the decarbonisation of China's steel industry. It highlights a significant investment gap, noting that while pilot regions like Hebei have introduced sector-specific taxonomies and transition plan templates, national-level frameworks remain underdeveloped. The document argues that current incentives are insufficient for steelmakers due to high upfront costs and for financial institutions due to a lack of unified identification standards. It recommends expanding public subsidies, refining the capacity replacement policy to include carbon intensity criteria, and creating demand-side incentives for purchasers of low-carbon steel.

The briefing argues that nuclear power is an impractical solution for near-term climate targets in Europe and Australia due to systemic delays, high costs, and a high rate of project cancellations. In Europe, utility-scale wind and solar capacity under construction or in pre-construction outweighs nuclear by fourteen to one, and solar generation surpassed nuclear in the EU for the first time in mid-2025. In Australia, the document concludes that nuclear is unlikely to replace coal by 2038 because construction timelines—estimated by CSIRO to be at least five years longer than the global average—would require groundbreaking by the end of 2025. Globally, the Global Nuclear Power Tracker indicates that 38% of all proposed nuclear capacity (566 GW) has been cancelled.

The document asserts that nearly 800 million people face chronic hunger due to a global food system that prioritises corporate profit over people, leading to artificially inflated prices and significant environmental damage.

The report argues that the financial sector's climate governance chain is fundamentally broken, as voluntary net-zero commitments by financial institutions and cooperative initiatives have failed to stop the flow of capital into fossil fuels. It introduces an "impact levers" framework to provide actor-specific recommendations for banks, asset managers, pension funds, and regulators to move from voluntary pledges toward enforceable standards and systemic accountability to support a Paris-aligned economy.

The Clean Air Task Force urges the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to remove its funding ban on nuclear energy to help Asia-Pacific economies meet rising energy demands with clean, firm power. The document highlights that while countries like China and South Korea have successfully used nuclear energy for industrialization, other emerging economies in the region have failed to implement programs due to financing and expertise gaps. It specifically identifies the Ninh Thuận projects in Vietnam and the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant in the Philippines as immediate opportunities for ADB intervention. The author recommends that ADB lift its ban, build internal expertise, create dedicated funds for large and small modular reactors, and prioritize risk-sharing with private and government investors.

The global chemicals industry, a $4.7 trillion sector responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions, requires urgent innovation to decouple from fossil fuels. RMI and Third Derivative identify three primary innovation pathways: 'Make Less' (circular economy and materials substitution), 'Make Better' (electrification and process efficiency), and 'Make New' (defossilized production using CO2 conversion and biomass). Despite the potential, the sector is undercapitalized, with only 3% of climate tech venture capital directed toward chemicals and plastics over the last five years. Key barriers to scaling include high capital costs, feedstock availability, and a 60% drop in global clean industry investment in 2024. The report emphasizes the role of strategic partnerships with incumbents, non-dilutive funding, and low-carbon certifications in accelerating the commercialization of these technologies.

The document asserts that global trends in China, the EU, and India demonstrate that decarbonization is now aligned with basic economics. It argues that Canada must overcome its fragmented energy grid to leverage its 'dispatchable clean power' and attract investments in industry, buildings, transportation, and AI, warning that failing to modernize its electricity system will result in a loss of competitive advantage.

The Clean Air Task Force (CATF) recommends that Poland update its nuclear strategy to include a transparent financing model, a clear role for Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), and a detailed roadmap for its second nuclear power plant (EJ2). The report argues that nuclear power is essential for Poland's decarbonisation, noting that in some modelled scenarios, nuclear capacity could reach 21 GW by 2050. CATF specifically advises against the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel due to proliferation risks and suggests that Poland leverage SMRs to decarbonise industrial sites and district heating. Additionally, the report calls for stronger regional collaboration within Central and Eastern Europe to build a resilient nuclear supply chain and workforce.

The report examines the intersection of Japan's energy policy and national security, arguing that a rapid shift toward renewable energy—potentially reaching a 70% electricity share by 2035—would mitigate risks from volatile fossil fuel supply chains and enhance diplomatic and military autonomy. It identifies critical vulnerabilities in current maritime fuel routes and suggests that the resulting cost savings from reduced imports could fund defense procurement. While acknowledging challenges such as China's dominance in clean energy supply chains and cybersecurity risks, the document asserts these are manageable through diversification and technical innovation. It recommends stronger coordination between the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Ministry of Defense to integrate climate security into national strategy.

The document asserts that global hunger is caused by a profit-driven system rather than food scarcity, highlighting the role of the 'ABCD firms' and financial speculators in driving up prices. It links food systems to 34% of global greenhouse gas emissions and notes the severe impact of climate-driven droughts in Southern Africa. While acknowledging previous G20 efforts, it criticizes the lack of systemic reforms, such as regulating food speculation or implementing buffer stocks. Under its G20 presidency, South Africa has established a Food Security Task Force to study commodity price volatility and stabilization techniques.

The document is a quick start guide for the Energy Policy Simulator (EPS), a tool developed by Energy Innovation to help users model state-level energy systems and climate policies. Using Louisiana as an example, it explains how to access the simulator, apply specific policies such as a Clean Electricity Standard or Building Component Electrification, and analyze results through CO2e emission graphs and wedge diagrams. It also describes how to use pre-designed scenarios, including the NDC Scenario and the Federal Policy Repeal and Rollback scenario, to test different decarbonization pathways.

China is advancing a 1.3 TW pipeline of utility-scale solar and wind projects, with operating capacity reaching 1.4 TW by 2025. The country has become a global leader in offshore wind, growing its capacity to 42.7 GW by March 2025. While offshore wind is being used to decarbonize coastal industries and produce green hydrogen, the sector faces challenges from the 2021 phaseout of national subsidies and competition from ongoing coal and gas developments. The report suggests adopting hybrid auction mechanisms and centralized marine spatial planning to ensure sustainable growth.

Maharashtra aims to produce 500 kilotons of green hydrogen annually by 2030. While green hydrogen is not yet cost-competitive with grey hydrogen, the report finds that state capital expenditure subsidies could reduce the levelized cost of hydrogen by 21–25 percent, from $4.5 per kg to under $3.5 per kg. On-site projects currently offer the lowest cost at approximately $4/kg, though they are limited by land constraints. The report identifies Raigarh and Ratnagiri as potential early-mover hubs and proposes a Green Hydrogen Readiness Plan focusing on seven impact areas across the value chain.

India's electric vehicle (EV) market grew elevenfold between FY2020 and FY2025, driven by central and state government subsidies. The transport sector, particularly road transport, is a critical focus for India's goal to reach net-zero emissions by 2070. Key policy mechanisms include the FAME-I, FAME-II, and PM E-DRIVE schemes, alongside state-level policies in over 25 states.

The Common Position of Latin America and the Caribbean on Climate Change and Health outlines a multisectoral framework to center health in climate governance. It identifies critical gaps, such as the fact that only 11 countries in the region have national health and climate change plans and only 11.6% of Green Climate Fund investments in the region address health. The position advocates for six pillars: protecting health from climate impacts, mitigation with health co-benefits, climate justice and equity, adaptation and health system resilience, health leadership, and financing.

The report finds that China's consumer goods trade-in programme could accelerate the annual efficiency improvement rate of its room air conditioner (RAC) stock by up to 70% in 2025. This shift could reduce residential cooling electricity use by 3.4% to 4.1% during the summer of 2025, potentially saving consumers up to $943 million USD on electricity bills. The programme, part of the "Two New" policy, provides subsidies of 15% for Grade 2 and 20% for Grade 1 energy efficiency models, effectively steering consumers toward the most efficient units. This initiative aligns China's economic goal of boosting domestic consumption with its energy transition and decarbonisation targets.