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The document explains that fall foliage is driven by temperature, sun exposure, and rainfall, all of which are being altered by climate change. While warming temperatures generally delay leaf fall, drought and heat stress can cause earlier shedding or duller colors. These shifts have economic implications for tourism and ecological implications for forest carbon sequestration.

Natural Justice critiques the South African Oceans Economy Master Plan to 2035, stating it lacks concrete analysis on greenhouse gas mitigation and contradicts global scientific consensus by proposing offshore oil and gas exploration. The commentary highlights a 'troubling absence' of biodiversity considerations and fails to address the needs of small-scale and subsistence fishers. It further argues that the plan's job creation claims lack factual support and that the public participation process was flawed, excluding many marginalized coastal communities.

The document outlines the escalating impacts of human-induced climate change on humans and ecosystems, emphasizing that the most marginalized populations are hit hardest. It highlights the role of 'attribution literature' in linking extreme weather to human activity and discusses the critical need for transformative adaptation and nature-based solutions. The briefing warns that the costs of inaction far exceed those of mitigation and adaptation, noting significant GDP losses in vulnerable nations and the potential for mass migration and biodiversity loss.

The Institute for Policy Integrity argues that FERC's current process for certifying interstate pipelines is flawed and fails the public interest. The report recommends that FERC move beyond relying on shipper contracts to instead incorporate regional need analysis, coordination with electric transmission, climate-related transition risks and stranded asset costs, and monetized climate damage estimates.

The authors introduce a conceptual framework to address the gap in climate studies that typically focus on impacts within a single geographical region. The framework distinguishes between an initial impact caused by a climate trigger and the subsequent downstream consequences and adaptation responses that propagate through 'impact transmission' and 'response transmission' systems. By accounting for different climate triggers, impact categories, and socio-economic contexts, the framework aims to identify causal relationships and support climate risk management. The authors demonstrate the framework's utility by applying it to the 2011 Thailand floods and projected Arctic sea ice decline.

Environmental organizations, including the World Resources Institute and Ceres, are calling on US financial regulators to urgently address climate-related financial risks. They highlight a report by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) which identifies risks stemming from climate-driven damage to infrastructure and assets, as well as the failure of financial institutions to adapt to a net-zero-carbon transition.

The survey of SEJ members reveals a high level of interest and activity in climate reporting, with 86% having reported on a climate story in the past year. While journalists express confidence in understanding climate impacts, they identify a lack of time for field reporting as the primary obstacle. Trust in scientific bodies remains high, but trust in US government agencies has significantly declined. The report also evaluates the reach of the 'Climate Matters in the Newsroom' initiative, noting that 40% of members are aware of it and many are interested in further training via webinars.

The Centre for Environmental Rights (CER), acting as amicus curiae, argues that the KwaZulu-Natal High Court erred in ruling that Tendele Coal Mining (Pty) Ltd did not require a separate environmental authorisation under the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) for its operations. The CER contends that an Environmental Management Programme (EMP) approved under the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (MPRDA) is not equivalent to a NEMA authorisation. The CER further argues that the High Court's refusal of interdictory relief based on the existence of alternative remedies under section 28 of NEMA is a dangerous precedent that undermines judicial enforcement of environmental rights. Finally, the CER seeks the overturning of a costs order against the appellants, asserting it creates a chilling effect and ignores the protections for public interest litigants provided in section 32(2) of NEMA.

Dr Alex C. Ruane, an IPCC author, details his method of translating complex climate data into accessible information for community groups in Manhattan. He emphasizes moving from abstract metrics, such as CO2 concentrations, to tangible impacts on food and cities, and utilizes specific analogies—such as comparing sea level rise to raising a basketball court floor—to make scientific uncertainties and risks more comprehensible to non-experts.

The Colombian Supreme Court ruled on April 5, 2018, that the Colombian Amazon possesses rights equivalent to those of a human being, necessitating its protection and restoration. The case was brought by 25 youth plaintiffs who argued that government failure to meet net-zero deforestation targets under the Paris Agreement threatened future generations. Despite the court ordering the government to implement action plans to reach net-zero deforestation by 2020 and create an Intergenerational Pact, the document notes that deforestation continued to increase and municipalities failed to update land management plans, leading plaintiffs to return to court in April 2019.

The report finds that while education levels influence the types of questions people have about climate change and their initial perceptions of NASA, the NASA climate change website is accessible to all education levels and effectively improves perceptions of NASA's competency and trust, particularly for those with less formal education. While the website did not eliminate pre-existing knowledge gaps, it helped less-educated visitors learn more and increased their certainty regarding the reality and impacts of climate change.

The Land and Environment Court of New South Wales dismissed an appeal by Gloucester Resources Limited, upholding the Minister for Planning's refusal to grant consent for an open cut coal mine. The court determined that the project's estimated 38 million tonnes of carbon emissions were contrary to the public interest and the goals of the Paris Agreement. Notably, the court rejected the argument that the project's emissions were too small to be significant globally, asserting that climate change must be addressed through cumulative local actions.

The report details the financial position of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), showing a significant decrease in total assets from US$ 3,412,639 in 2017 to US$ 1,911,990 in 2018. The IAI experienced a change in net assets of negative US$ 1,397,617 for the year ending June 30, 2018, compared to a negative US$ 206,731 in 2017. Total revenues for 2018 were US$ 1,946,271, while total expenses reached US$ 3,343,888. The institute's operations are funded through voluntary contributions from member nations and grants from agencies such as the National Science Foundation (NSF).

The study addresses the lack of hydrological monitoring in the tributaries of Cambodia's Tonle Sap Lake, which contribute 25–30% of the annual flow and are critical for maintaining dry-season lake levels. It aims to simulate baseline flows and project future climate change impacts across 11 sub-basins to support water resource management in a country where 80% of the population depends on agriculture.

Analysis of survey data from 2011-2015 shows that 8% of Americans changed their opinions on global warming, with 84% of those becoming more concerned. The primary drivers for increased concern were direct or reported experiences of climate impacts and increased information, while those becoming less concerned often cited beliefs that global warming is a natural process or a hoax.

The report identifies 5.5 million km2 of 'REMAIN' land in sub-Saharan Africa potentially available for biofuel production after accounting for food security and conservation. Under current conditions, RSB-compliant production on prime and good quality land could yield 165 mt of aviation biofuel per annum, with miscanthus identified as the most promising feedstock. However, this potential is projected to decrease by approximately 40% by 2050 due to cropland expansion for food and climate change impacts. The study concludes that the region could meet between 30% and 90% of the projected 2050 global demand for alternative aviation fuels, depending on whether moderately suitable land is utilized.

The report argues that GDP is an insufficient measure of national progress and advocates for the use of comprehensive wealth measures. Analysis of Canadian data from 1980 to 2015 reveals several sustainability risks, including rising household debt, declining lifetime earning potential, heavy reliance on foreign investment, and a significant drop in the market value of the oil sands. The author emphasizes that Canada's comprehensive wealth portfolio is vulnerable to climate change impacts.

The Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) submitted an independent auditors' report for the period ending June 30, 2017. The auditors provided an unqualified opinion, stating that the financial statements present fairly the Institute's financial position in accordance with US generally accepted accounting principles. The IAI's total assets as of June 30, 2017, were 3,412,639 USD, and total revenues, gains, and contributions for the year were 3,047,200 USD. The report details funding for various scientific programs, including the Collaborative Research Network (CRN) and Training Institutes, largely supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF).

The report provides an audit of the IAI's financial position, operations, and cash flows, concluding that the statements present fairly the Institute's financial position in accordance with US generally accepted accounting principles. It details revenues from member nations and grants, expenses for core management and research programs, and the status of contributions from member countries.

The Thabametsi Power Company (Pty) Ltd is applying for a Water Use License for a 630 MW coal-fired power plant near Lephalale, Limpopo. The project will use dry-cooled Circulating Fluidised Bed technology to achieve zero liquid effluent discharge. Water will be sourced via a permanent transfer of 720,000 m3/annum from Exxaro Coal (Pty) Ltd's existing allocation. The application covers several water uses under the National Water Act, including taking and storing water, altering watercourses, and disposing of waste. While the project is expected to create 14,348 jobs and support local industry, it faces challenges regarding water scarcity in the Mokolo Dam catchment and potential groundwater pollution from ash dumps and coal stockpiles. Mitigation measures include HDPE liners for pollution control dams and a comprehensive groundwater monitoring program.