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The document serves as an introduction to a briefing on 'loss and damage'—defined as climate impacts that cannot be adapted to—ahead of the COP27 negotiations in Egypt. It outlines the focus of a panel discussion involving experts from Climate Analytics, IIED, C2ES, and E3G, who addressed the international community's tools for managing loss and damage, the status of negotiations, and the specific relevance of these issues to U.S. policymakers. The briefing highlights that such impacts are global, citing examples of land loss in Louisiana and North Carolina.

The document assesses gender-based barriers to water security in Vanuatu, highlighting how patriarchal norms, high rates of gender-based violence, and 'time poverty' disproportionately affect women and girls. It proposes a gender-transformative approach to climate-resilient WASH by mandating 40% female representation in Rural Water Committees and designing infrastructure that addresses specific needs of women, the elderly, and people with disabilities. The report also establishes a multi-level Grievance Redress Mechanism to handle issues of sexual exploitation, abuse, and harassment.

The report outlines the Green Guarantee Company's (GGC) framework for integrating gender equality and women's empowerment into its credit guarantee operations for green bonds and loans. It assesses gender vulnerabilities in five key sectors—energy, transport, buildings/cities, health/food/water security, and infrastructure—and provides high-level profiles for eight target countries. The document details a seven-step Transaction Selection Process (TSP) designed to ensure that guaranteed projects are gender-responsive, including rigorous due diligence, remediation strategies, and the use of a multidisciplinary 'line of defence' consisting of internal and external gender specialists.

The report assesses gender dynamics and barriers for climate entrepreneurs and support organizations in Latin America and West Africa, specifically focusing on Mexico, Côte d'Ivoire, and Senegal. It identifies systemic gaps in education, agriculture, and energy, and provides recommendations for the project's Executing Entities to increase women's participation in climate innovation.

The Gender Action Plan for the SAP025 project in northwest Guinea-Bissau aims to reduce gender inequality by prioritizing women, who will make up 70% of the target beneficiaries. The plan focuses on increasing women's participation in farmers' clubs, improving access to literacy and income-generation education, and addressing time-poverty through the establishment of community childcare systems. To ensure implementation, the project will employ a gender specialist to oversee activities, provide quarterly training for staff, and review materials for gender sensitivity. The project is structured around three outcomes: strengthening climate risk monitoring, adapting water management, and enhancing the resilience of smallholder agricultural systems, all of which include specific targets for female participation in leadership and decision-making. Monitoring will involve sex-disaggregated data and the tracking of specific vulnerable sub-groups of women, such as widows, heads of households, and those with disabilities.

The Green Guarantee Company (GGC), managed by the Development Guarantee Group (DGG) and accredited by MUFG Bank, Ltd., seeks USD 82.5 million in equity from the Green Climate Fund (GCF) to create a guarantee vehicle. GGC aims to leverage its capital 10x to provide up to USD 4 billion in guarantees for green bonds and loans in developing countries, specifically targeting those with sub-investment grade ratings to attract global institutional investors. The programme focuses on five GCF result areas: energy generation and access, low-emission transport, buildings/cities/industries/appliances, health/food/water security, and infrastructure/built environment. It targets a mitigation impact of 74.6 million tCO2e and reaches approximately 36.9 million beneficiaries over a 20-year lifespan. The proposal includes a detailed Transaction Selection Process (TSP) to ensure climate impact and a comprehensive Gender Action Plan to promote equality and women's empowerment in the supported projects.

Saint Lucia is highly vulnerable to climate change due to its small size, location in a high-risk cyclone and volcanic belt, and economic reliance on agriculture and tourism. To address these risks, the country established a Climate Change Adaptation Policy and a Nationally Determined Contribution in 2015, followed by the initiation of its National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process in 2017 and the subsequent publication of the 2018–2028 NAP.

The U.S. has seen a steady increase in the frequency and cost of billion-dollar weather and climate disasters since 1980. In 2022, by September 30, the country had already experienced 15 such events totaling $29.3 billion in losses, exceeding the historical annual average of seven. The time between these disasters has shrunk from 82 days in the 1980s to an average of 18 days between 2017 and 2021, reducing the time available for recovery and preparation. While hurricanes are the most costly event type, the overall trend of increasing extremes is linked to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions, with projections suggesting further intensity without rapid emissions cuts.

Nigeria is highly vulnerable to climate change, facing risks from drought, flooding, and sea level rise that threaten food security and economic stability. While the government has established frameworks like the National Adaptation Plan, implementation at the local level is limited by poor funding, lack of skilled personnel, and a reliance on international finance. The paper advocates for Locally Led Adaptation (LLA) to ensure climate actions are inclusive and aligned with community needs.

The paper examines Ghana's climate vulnerabilities, noting that the northern savannah zones and rural agricultural populations are most at risk. While the government has established several policy frameworks, the author finds a significant imbalance in climate finance, with mitigation receiving 87.4% of funds compared to 3.4% for adaptation between 2011 and 2019. The document highlights that adaptation planning remains top-down, often ignoring local knowledge and failing to reach vulnerable groups, including women. It concludes that for adaptation to be sustainable, authority and finance must be delegated to local communities to address specific regional needs.

The paper examines Senegal's vulnerability to climate change, its existing national adaptation frameworks, and the systemic gaps that hinder effective local implementation. It highlights the disconnect between high-level policy design and the actual needs of local actors, advocating for a bottom-up approach to climate resilience.

The report presents a quantitative overview of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) pipeline, categorising 410 overall projects and their associated financial values. It breaks down data for funding proposals and concept notes by sector (public and private), geographic region, and thematic focus (adaptation, mitigation, and cross-cutting), while also detailing the financial instruments used and the impact potential of the funding proposal pipeline.

WRI identifies six critical objectives for COP27: establishing a loss and damage financing mechanism, scaling adaptation support, strengthening national emissions targets (NDCs), ensuring the $100 billion climate finance goal is met, advancing the Global Stocktake, and converting previous Glasgow commitments into tangible actions.

The Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment (CAPE) urges the Government of Canada to adopt a 'planetary health' framework in its federal budget, arguing that climate change is the most significant global health threat of the 21st century. Key recommendations include reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 140% below 2005 levels by 2030, phasing out fossil fuel subsidies by 2023, and redirecting public finance from Export Development Canada (EDC) away from fossil fuels. CAPE also advocates for a 'wellbeing economy' that defines success beyond GDP, increased funding for the National Adaptation Strategy, and an additional $200 million for the Chemicals Management Plan to protect vulnerable populations from toxic pollution.

The report applies the AIIB-Amundi Climate Change Investment Framework (CCIF) to evaluate climate-related financial risks and opportunities across sectors, companies, and debt issuers. The analysis reveals a strong focus on climate mitigation and greenhouse gas measurement, but a significant deficiency in climate adaptation planning and implementation. Notably, no analyzed company performed well across all three CCIF objectives: mitigation, adaptation, and financial contribution.

The document details the criteria and multi-step screening process for the CBI Green Bond Database, emphasizing self-labeling, public disclosure, and alignment with the Climate Bonds Taxonomy and Sector Criteria. It defines eligible assets across energy, transport, water, waste, land use, and industry, while explicitly excluding fossil fuel-related activities. The methodology also addresses the treatment of adaptation and resilience measures, R&D expenditures, and the relationship between the database and the formal CBI Certification Scheme.

The UN Human Rights Committee ruled that Australia violated the rights to family, home, and culture of Torres Strait Islanders due to inadequate climate adaptation. The decision establishes a precedent for state responsibility for climate-related 'loss and damage' and mandates that Australia provide compensation and secure the communities' continued existence on their islands.

The report finds that public financial institutions are lagging behind private counterparts in setting credible climate targets. While some Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) show leadership, national and subnational development banks, as well as institutions in non-OECD countries, have very few Paris-aligned or net-zero commitments. Key barriers include a lack of government guidance and insufficient accountability mechanisms within global coalitions.

In 2019/2020, Burkina Faso received USD 567 million in climate finance, covering only 13% of the USD 4.1 billion needed by 2050 to meet its NDC targets. Public finance dominated the landscape, accounting for 80% of total flows, with a heavy reliance on international multilateral and bilateral DFIs. Energy systems and Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) were the primary recipients of funds, though significant gaps remain in water and wastewater sectors. The report highlights critical barriers, including political instability, a lack of domestic climate budget tagging, and the absence of a robust Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) framework, which hinders the attraction of further donor funding and private investment.

In 2019/2020, Nigeria received an average of USD 1.9 billion annually in climate finance, representing only 11% of the USD 17.7 billion needed annually for its conditional NDC. Public finance dominated at 77% of total flows, primarily delivered as concessional debt. Mitigation finance (USD 1.1 billion) outweighed adaptation finance (USD 663 million), despite high vulnerability to climate shocks. Energy systems received the most investment, particularly solar, while sectors like waste and industrial processes remained severely underfunded. The report highlights a significant contradiction between climate finance flows and continued heavy investment in fossil fuels, noting one LNG project alone received USD 2.77 billion. Key barriers include limited private sector mobilization, capacity constraints in GHG reporting, and a lack of national climate budget tagging.