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The document outlines the financial gap for climate action in Africa, noting that NDCs will require approximately $3 trillion by 2030. It identifies significant barriers to private investment, including political, project, and economic risks, as well as a lack of 'bankable' projects. To address these, the brief recommends the development of NDC implementation plans, the use of credit enhancement mechanisms via blended finance, and the provision of technical grant-based funding to help borrowers reach the bankability stage. It specifically emphasizes the need for catalytic public finance to unlock private investment in adaptation and nature-based solutions.

The proposal seeks USD 762,359 over 18 months to address Saint Lucia's fiscal vulnerability and decreasing Official Development Assistance (ODA). It focuses on five workstreams: accessing the green bond market, developing a debt-for-climate swap roadmap, greening the local financial sector, increasing capacity for Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), and developing a concept note for a 'Green Affordable Housing' project. The project is implemented by the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) in collaboration with the Government of Saint Lucia.

The document argues that public and philanthropic funding are insufficient to meet the needs of nature-based solutions (NBS) in Latin America and the Caribbean, necessitating the use of private sector green finance. It proposes five specific financial strategies—green bonds, land-based financing, blended loans, insurance policies, and endowments—to increase the resilience of infrastructure and drive economic growth. To scale these solutions, the paper recommends integrating NBS into infrastructure planning, using 'green-gray' hybrid investment models to lower risk, establishing clear performance metrics to provide proof of concept, and monetizing co-benefits like carbon sequestration.

The study finds that Sweden experienced faster green bond growth than Norway, particularly in the corporate and municipal sectors, due to a stronger sustainability focus in business culture and a more diversified corporate sector. In contrast, Norway's market was hindered by competition from oil, gas, and shipping investments, a green energy sector that viewed green bonds as unnecessary, and small municipal sizes.

The interim evaluation concludes that the GCF-EBRD Kazakhstan Renewables Framework is largely successful and on track to meet or exceed its targets for finance and greenhouse gas reductions. The programme has already contributed to reducing emissions by over 482 ktCO2 through 2020 and is projected to reach over 19 million tCO2 over the lifetime of its investments. While financing and auction process support are on schedule, delays have occurred in carbon market support and job-skills development. The report highlights the effectiveness of the EBRD's local presence and recommends reallocating uncommitted technical assistance funds toward grid development, green bonds, and carbon market regulatory frameworks.

The Institute for Economic Justice argues that current South African renewable energy procurement, primarily through the REIPPP, has led to privatisation and temporary employment. It critiques the initial SAREM research for lacking analysis on trade dynamics and public ownership. The brief recommends a 'Green New Deal' approach featuring import tariffs, state-backed cheap debt, a formal technology transfer system, and the establishment of a municipal-based solar PV recycling industry to ensure a 'Just Transition'.

The policy brief argues that gender-smart sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs) can scale up financing for gender objectives by utilizing multi-KPI structures. It analyzes four different approaches to determining 'trigger events'—the conditions that lead to financial adjustments like coupon step-ups—using examples from Schneider Electric, EQT, H&M, and BlackRock. The authors recommend that issuers avoid structures that allow KPIs to be ignored and instead prefer frameworks requiring the full achievement of all sustainability targets to ensure high ambition and credibility.

The report finds that most G20 and Eurosystem central banks lack credible sustainable investment policies for their non-policy portfolios, often relying on opacity or weak ESG criteria to mask continued support for fossil fuel companies. While the Banque de France is highlighted as a leader for its fossil fuel restrictions, the majority of analyzed banks either have no public SRI policy or use 'tricks' such as investing in green bonds without excluding major polluters. The document recommends that central banks adopt strict exclusion policies for coal and new fossil fuel projects to align with a 1.5°C warming trajectory.

The document argues that while Africa requires significant investment for climate mitigation and adaptation—including an estimated $3 trillion for NDC implementation by 2030—private sector investment remains low. It identifies key barriers such as political, regulatory, and project risks, as well as a lack of 'bankable' projects. To overcome these, the authors recommend creating supportive regulatory environments, utilizing credit enhancement mechanisms through blended finance, and providing technical grant-based funding to help borrowers reach the bankability stage. Special attention is given to the need for catalytic public finance to unlock private investment in adaptation and nature-based solutions.

The report assesses the progress of SDG localization across 28 global case studies, highlighting a significant gap between high-level commitment and practical local implementation. Key findings indicate that while some 'SDG champions' like New York City lead in data analysis and engagement, many regions struggle with weak institutional governance, a lack of systematic analysis of SDG interlinkages (synergies and trade-offs), and limited financial resources. The COVID-19 pandemic is noted as a major setback that reallocated budgets toward healthcare, though it also created opportunities for green recovery. The study emphasizes the need for better evidence-based local data, increased participation of local actors in international forums, and the use of Voluntary Local Reviews (VLRs) to enhance accountability.

The Climate Bonds Initiative proposes a certification framework to ensure corporate transitions are aligned with the Paris Agreement. The framework focuses on five hallmarks: Paris-aligned goals, robust plans, implementation action, internal monitoring, and external reporting. It distinguishes between 'Green Transition' (already aligned) and 'Interim Transition' (catching up) to provide clarity for investors and prevent greenwashing in the growing market of Sustainability-Linked Bonds (SLBs) and transition bonds.

The Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI) proposes a certification framework to ensure company decarbonisation is rapid and robust enough to align with the Paris Agreement. The proposal introduces five 'hallmarks' of a credibly transitioning company: Paris-aligned targets, robust plans, implementation action, internal monitoring, and external reporting. This framework aims to bridge the gap between light-touch market guidance and overly complex entity-level assessments. CBI suggests differentiating between 'Green Transition' (already aligned with sectoral pathways) and 'Interim Transition' (catching up, with a proposed grace period until 2025). The framework emphasizes absolute measures tied to common sectoral transition pathways over relative 'best-in-class' benchmarking and requires the inclusion of scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions.

In 2020, China's green bond market saw a 21% decrease in total issuance to 289.5 billion RMB, partly due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the rise of pandemic-related bonds. Despite the decline, the market showed progress in aligning domestic standards with international ones, notably through the 2020 draft Green Bond Endorsed Project Catalogue which removed clean coal projects. Non-financial enterprises and government-supported institutions showed strong growth, while financial enterprise issuance declined. A significant gap remains between domestic and Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI) definitions, primarily because some domestic bonds allow funds to be used for general corporate operating capital. The report also highlights a massive stock of unlabelled climate-related bonds, totaling 325 billion USD, primarily in the transport sector, presenting a major opportunity for future green labelling and refinancing.

The report provides a comprehensive overview of China's green asset-backed securities (ABS) market as of 2020, detailing the regulatory environment, market trends, and specific case studies. It highlights that while the market has grown significantly, it remains a small portion of the overall green bond market and is dominated by state-owned enterprises. The document suggests improvements in data transparency, standardization of contracts, and the expansion of green residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities to attract more international investors.

The report provides a comprehensive overview of China's green securitisation market, noting its growth to 85 deals totalling RMB115bn by the end of 2020. It details the regulatory landscape involving the PBoC, CBIRC, CSRC, and NAFMII, and identifies state-owned enterprises as the primary originators. The analysis highlights renewable energy and low-carbon transport as the dominant collateral themes and suggests improvements in transparency, standardisation of green loans, and credit rating soundness to attract more international investors.

The Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) sustainable finance market grew significantly between 2019 and 2021, with total GSS issuance reaching USD 48.6 billion by June 2021. Green bonds remain the dominant instrument, though social and sustainability bonds have expanded rapidly, partly driven by COVID-19 relief efforts. Chile, Brazil, and Mexico are the primary markets, together accounting for 77% of all GSS issuance. While energy is the most funded sector, there is increasing diversification into low-carbon transport and sustainable agriculture. The region is also seeing a rise in sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs) and the development of national green taxonomies to standardize climate-aligned investments.

The sustainable finance market in Latin America and the Caribbean grew significantly between 2019 and 2021, with total VSS emissions reaching USD 48.6 billion by June 2021. Chile, Brazil, and Mexico dominate the market, accounting for 77% of all VSS emissions. Green bonds remain the largest segment (USD 30.2 billion), while social and sustainability bonds have seen rapid growth, particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic. Energy is the most funded sector, though transport and land use are significant. The report also highlights the emergence of sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs) and the ongoing development of national green taxonomies in countries like Chile, Colombia, and Mexico.

The Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) sustainable finance market grew significantly between 2019 and 2021, with total VSS emissions reaching USD 48.6 billion by June 2021. Chile, Brazil, and Mexico dominate the region, accounting for 77% of all VSS emissions. Green bonds are the largest segment (USD 30.2 billion), primarily driven by energy projects and sovereign issuances in Chile. The report also highlights the rise of social and sustainable bonds, the emergence of sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs), and the ongoing development of national green taxonomies in countries like Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic.

The report analyzes 75 green bonds totaling USD 75.9bn issued in H1 2021, finding that green bonds generally achieved higher book cover and greater spread compression than vanilla equivalents. It highlights a significant increase in allocations to green investors, reaching 66%, and provides evidence of a 'greenium' for 26 out of 33 non-sovereign bonds. Additionally, the report examines sovereign green bond issuance and concludes that green labels can enhance secondary market liquidity, particularly in the EUR utility sector.

The sustainable debt market saw record-breaking growth in H1 2021, with combined labelled issuance reaching USD 496.1 billion. Green bonds led the growth, particularly in developed markets, while sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs) emerged as a rapid growth segment for corporates. The report also highlights the nascent state of transition bonds and the need for standardized, ambitious definitions to avoid 'transition-washing'.