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The document outlines the methodology for a briefing on public money for fossil fuels, detailing how the authors tracked subsidies, state-owned enterprise (SOE) investments, and international public finance. It specifies the use of IMF and IEA data for 2022 subsidies and explains the 50% government ownership rule for SOE analysis. The note also highlights significant data gaps, particularly regarding subnational support and transparency in Chinese SOE reporting, suggesting that total government support for fossil fuels is likely underestimated.

The Canadian Climate Institute highlights that while Canada's first Emissions Reduction Plan can meet 2030 obligations, success depends on the 2023 finalization of three key policies: an oil and gas emissions cap, the Clean Electricity Regulation, and carbon pricing improvements. The report emphasizes the need for a net-zero electricity grid by 2035, the implementation of the National Adaptation Strategy, and increased leadership from provincial, territorial, and Indigenous governments to mobilize green capital and reduce emissions.

The Canadian Climate Institute outlines a path for Canada to meet its 2030 emission targets, emphasizing the need for a strict oil and gas emissions cap, a clean electricity framework by 2035, and improved carbon pricing certainty via carbon contracts for difference. It notes that these domestic efforts are supported by global trends, such as the EU's Green Deal and the US Inflation Reduction Act, and calls for increased leadership from provinces, territories, and Indigenous governments to ensure a successful energy transition and climate adaptation.

The guide outlines specific actions for different business departments to drive decarbonization, such as tying executive pay to climate targets, prioritizing sustainable suppliers, and integrating carbon fees into product pricing.

Armenia is seeking USD 197,031 from the Green Climate Fund (GCF) over 18 months to update its Country Cooperation Programme for the 2024-2027 replenishment round. The project, implemented by the Environmental Project Implementation Unit (EPIU) under the Ministry of Environment, aims to align climate funding with the updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) and the Long-term Low Emission Development Strategy. Key activities include a national readiness needs assessment, the development of a Green Finance Implementation Strategy and Action Plan for 2023-2027, and the design of a high-quality Simplified Approval Process (SAP) project concept note. The initiative seeks to address coordination gaps between strategic frameworks and limited private sector engagement in climate finance.

The Climate Change Performance Index 2023 finds that none of the 60 largest emitters are on a 1.5°C pathway, leaving the top three ranks unoccupied. Denmark is the current frontrunner, leading in almost all categories, while China and the US are categorized as 'very low' performers. The report highlights a wide disparity in performance among EU countries and identifies Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Kazakhstan as the worst overall performers due to heavy oil reliance and weak renewable energy adoption.

The We Mean Business Coalition calls for the urgent delivery of the $100 billion annual climate finance commitment to developing countries and the implementation of market signals to steer private capital toward net zero. The coalition emphasizes the need for reforming fossil fuel subsidies, implementing carbon pricing, and mandating transparent, comparable sustainability reporting standards aligned with the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) to prevent greenwashing and facilitate sustainable investment.

Carbon Market Watch criticizes the ICAO General Assembly for weakening the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) by lowering its emissions baseline to 85% of 2019 levels. The author contends that CORSIA is an ineffective tool relying on low-quality offsets and is susceptible to industry influence. Consequently, the document urges the EU to stop relying on this global system and expand the EU ETS to cover all long-haul flights departing and arriving in the EU.

The US Inflation Reduction Act, investing $370 billion over 10 years, threatens to divert private capital away from Canada. The Canadian Climate Institute outlines three responses: strengthening existing policies like carbon pricing, implementing broad subsidies similar to the US model, or adopting a targeted approach based on Canada's competitive advantages.

The global steel sector, responsible for approximately 7% of worldwide energy-related CO2 emissions, faces a critical transition period as 71% of coal-based blast furnace capacity will require reinvestment by 2030. The report highlights the disparity between current production methods—specifically the high emissions of Blast Furnace-Basic Oxygen Furnace (BF-BOF) versus Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)—and the massive investment required for enabling infrastructure, such as green hydrogen and CO2 pipelines. It advocates for a combination of upstream, midstream, and downstream policies, including Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCfDs) and Green Public Procurement (GPP), to avoid stranded assets and align the industry with a 1.5°C-compatible trajectory. Additionally, the Climate Bonds Initiative introduces sector-specific criteria to guide the certification of climate-aligned steel assets and companies.

The document examines the legal mechanics of shareholder climate resolutions in Asia, detailing jurisdiction-specific requirements for filing, voting thresholds, and the role of company charter documents. It highlights a general trend toward increased ESG consciousness and regulatory focus on net-zero transitions in the region, while noting that legal landscapes vary significantly between countries.

The Africa Carbon Markets Initiative (ACMI) aims to expand Africa's voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) to mobilize climate finance and create jobs. The report identifies a technical potential of up to 2,400 MtCO2e per annum by 2030 and proposes 13 action programmes to overcome barriers such as fragmented project development, high capital costs, and regulatory uncertainty. Key goals include increasing credit retirements to 300 MtCO2e and creating 30 million jobs by 2030.

The report argues that current climate finance is woefully inadequate to meet Paris Agreement goals, with developing countries alone requiring $4.3 trillion for 2030 commitments. It outlines a three-stage framework—planning, implementation, and monitoring—and details a variety of fiscal and policy instruments to align public spending, increase public funding, and mobilize private capital.

The EU needs to mobilize €330 billion to €400 billion in private investment to bring 20 million tons of green hydrogen to market by 2030. However, two primary risks hinder this: market risk, where off-takers fear paying higher-than-market rates compared to fossil fuels, and first-mover risk, where early investors face high electrolyzer costs that may become uncompetitive as technology prices fall. RMI suggests that a cumulative investment of approximately €10 billion between 2024 and 2029 could offset market risk, while producers may need €3.5-5 billion per year in public support to keep early capacity competitive. By spending up to €15 billion to offset these risks by 2030, the EU could leverage significant private spending on renewables and electrolyzers.

The Canadian Climate Institute advocates for a mandatory emissions cap on the oil and gas sector, noting that emissions in this sector grew by nearly 20% between 2005 and 2019. The author argues that current policies are insufficient and that failure to act risks creating 'stranded' high-carbon assets that will increase costs for taxpayers. To be effective, the proposed cap must focus on absolute emission reductions rather than just emission intensity, limit the use of carbon offsets, and not replace the urgent need to reduce methane emissions. Additionally, the policy should utilize market-based instruments like carbon pricing to maintain competitiveness and prevent carbon leakage to other jurisdictions.

The Canadian Climate Institute and Net-Zero Advisory Body advocate for a federal emissions cap on the oil and gas sector, noting that emissions in this sector rose by nearly 20% between 2005 and 2019. They argue that a cap is necessary because current policies are insufficient and that failure to act risks 'locking-in' emissions through high-carbon projects. The authors propose three design priorities: ensuring absolute emissions reductions rather than just intensity improvements, maintaining a focus on low-cost methane reductions, and using market-based instruments to prevent emissions 'leakage' to other jurisdictions.

The document argues that while the costs of climate action are high, the costs of inaction are higher, noting that physical climate risk has already increased the cost of capital for V20 countries by USD62bn over 10 years. It proposes a three-pillar policy framework: providing clarity on green investments via taxonomies, tilting investment toward green opportunities through de-risking and carbon pricing, and building green investment pipelines. Key mechanisms suggested include the use of junior capital by development finance institutions to mobilize private investment, the removal of fossil fuel subsidies, and the implementation of carbon border adjustment mechanisms (CBAMs). The summary concludes with a list of 101 specific policy ideas across sectors including energy, transport, and agriculture to be detailed in a full report.

The report identifies a 'carbon-pricing certainty gap' that inhibits private investment in Canada's industrial decarbonization. It proposes three primary recommendations: introducing carbon contracts for difference (CCfDs) to guarantee the carbon-price schedule, preventing carbon-credit oversupply through strengthened federal benchmarks and public registries, and offering policy-contingent loans via the Canada Infrastructure Bank. The authors suggest that a successful CCfD program could accelerate up to 40 Mt of emissions reductions by 2030 with limited contingent liabilities for the government.

The methodology brief describes a framework for tracking public financial institutions' climate commitments, categorizing them into targets and pledges (such as Paris-aligned, net zero, and exclusion policies) and institutional strategies. It details a data collection process involving automated scraping of institutional websites, news articles, and the analysis of over 120 sustainability and annual reports for 70 entities representing USD 20.4 trillion in assets.

The cement industry is China's third largest emitter, accounting for 13 percent of total carbon emissions. While current efforts focus on equipment and energy efficiency, achieving net-zero emissions requires a multifaceted approach including reduced consumption, low-carbon cement varieties, fuel substitution, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). The transition also necessitates institutional support through carbon pricing and a systematic approach integrating the entire value chain, including fuel, concrete, and construction.