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The African Conservancies Fund (ACF), established by Conservation International, provides debt capital to the Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust in Kenya to fund sustainable revenue-generating activities such as eco-tourism and carbon credit generation.

This case study describes AgDevCo, a subsidized impact investor and project developer targeting early-stage small and medium agri-businesses in Sub Saharan Africa to improve food security, employment, and climate resilience for smallholder farmers.

This case study examines a World Food Program (WFP) initiative in Mozambique that provided unconditional cash transfers and food vouchers to vulnerable households following severe droughts and cyclones. The program, funded by DFID and implemented with government partners, reached over 24,000 households to improve food security and climate resilience.

This case study describes the African Risk Capacity (ARC), a sovereign risk pool and early response mechanism that provides drought insurance to African Union member states to protect food security for vulnerable populations.

The Restoration Insurance Service Company (RISCO) is a social enterprise designed to fund mangrove conservation and restoration by monetizing the adaptation and mitigation values of these ecosystems. It generates revenue through annual fees from insurance companies for flood reduction benefits and the sale of blue carbon credits.

This case study describes TCX, a currency hedging solution designed to reduce currency and interest risk for energy and climate investments in developing countries by enabling long-term finance in local currencies.

A case study on Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP), a large-scale social protection initiative designed to address food insecurity and climate vulnerability through cash and food transfers.

This case study describes the 2017 debt for climate (DFC) swap in the Seychelles, the first of its kind focused on ocean protection, and outlines the general structural requirements and criteria for implementing similar DFC instruments in other middle-income countries.

This case study details the financing and implementation of the Abu Rawash Wastewater Treatment Plant project in Egypt, highlighting the roles of development finance institutions (DFIs) and the national government in funding climate adaptation infrastructure.

This case study describes a USD 2.25 million credit guarantee scheme (CGS) established by the Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) and the Rabobank Foundation to increase commercial loan access for smallholder coffee farmers and cooperatives in Ethiopia.

This report summarizes a virtual workshop held on January 21, 2021, organized by the European Forest Institute, Climate Policy Initiative, and UNDP. The event brought together over 200 participants from more than 60 countries to discuss the mapping and tracking of domestic climate finance, focusing on how these tools can drive policy ambition, improve reporting under the Paris Agreement, and mobilize both public and private investment.

This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative outlines the state of global climate adaptation finance, highlighting the gap between estimated needs and tracked investments, while discussing the importance and challenges of tracking adaptation finance.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes global adaptation finance flows for 2015-2016, identifying a significant reliance on public development finance and highlighting critical data gaps in private and domestic public sector tracking. It evaluates the alignment of these flows with regional and country-level vulnerabilities and provides recommendations for improving tracking methodologies to better inform investment.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative examines recent developments in climate adaptation finance, highlighting the growing gap between estimated adaptation costs and current funding levels. It discusses the roles of the UNFCCC Adaptation Committee and the Adaptation Fund, the challenges in tracking adaptation finance flows, and the economic risks associated with nature loss as identified by the World Economic Forum. The document argues that addressing these challenges requires a fundamental rethinking of production, redistribution, and equity to support the most vulnerable populations.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) examines the challenges of tracking global adaptation finance and proposes a new framework and technical methodologies to better capture these flows, particularly within the private and domestic public sectors.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute analyzes the 2018 Joint Report on Climate Finance from six major multilateral development banks (MDBs). While total climate finance commitments reached a record $43 billion in 2018, the analysis highlights disparities in bank performance, challenges in mobilizing private investment, and the urgent need for MDBs to align their entire portfolios with the Paris Agreement.

This research paper analyzes the Adaptation Fund's allocation of resources toward activities that support other species and natural ecosystems, concluding that ecosystem outcomes are generally of limited importance to the fund's projects.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) provides updated estimates of global climate finance flows for 2015 and 2016, incorporating new data on electric vehicle sales and national development finance institutions. It analyzes the distribution of these flows by actor, sector, and region, while discussing the challenges of tracking adaptation and energy efficiency investments and the operationalization of Article 2.1(c) of the Paris Agreement.

This WRI briefing argues that the distinction between climate adaptation and traditional development is a false dichotomy that hinders the effective use of scarce finance. The authors advocate for 'doing development differently' by integrating a strong climate rationale into all development planning, building national adaptive capacity, and empowering local stakeholders through devolved decision-making to ensure long-term resilience.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) synthesizes lessons from 2015 and 2016 reports on public finance interventions designed to increase low-carbon and climate-resilient investment in developing countries. It outlines strategies for reducing risks and costs to attract private capital through fiscal policy adjustments, government-backed assurances, and public-private innovation labs.