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Nepal is highly vulnerable to climate change, facing increasing frequencies of floods, landslides, and droughts. The government aims for net-zero emissions by 2045 and net-negative emissions by 2050. To achieve this, Nepal has developed a GCF country programme featuring a pipeline of 14 projects focusing on e-mobility, climate-resilient agriculture, and watershed management. The document details the institutional arrangements for GCF engagement, including the role of the Ministry of Finance as the National Designated Authority, and identifies significant financing gaps, estimating a need for USD 49.4 billion by 2030 to meet NDC and NAP targets.

The document examines the necessity of aligning national financing strategies for climate adaptation with other financial frameworks, such as NDCs, SDGs, and national development plans. It highlights that fragmentation caused by ministerial silos or varying partner influences can lead to duplicated efforts. By integrating adaptation finance into the broader economic decision-making process, countries can better identify cross-ministerial synergies, improve the evidence base for investment, and ensure that adaptation actions are resilient to macroeconomic pressures like sovereign debt. The briefing provides lessons on engaging finance and planning ministries to move from a project-based approach to a systemic portfolio approach to adaptation investment.

The report outlines a framework for developing countries to bridge the adaptation finance gap through seven guiding principles. These are divided into process-related principles—emphasizing country-driven approaches, the engagement of finance ministries, and inclusivity—and content-related principles, which focus on the strategic use of diverse financial instruments, alignment with national development goals, improving the enabling environment, and establishing monitoring and evaluation processes. The report supports these principles with case studies from Kenya, Nepal, and Peru, highlighting that a financing strategy is a continuous process rather than a single document.

The paper argues that integrating climate mitigation target-setting with economic development assessments can motivate more ambitious climate action. By modeling 28 mitigation measures, the authors show that Zimbabwe can meet its updated target of a 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors by 2030 (relative to baseline scenarios) while gaining quantifiable benefits in biodiversity, public health, sustainable energy use, and energy security.

The report introduces a four-component framework to help countries manage nature-related risks and opportunities while meeting international obligations like the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. The framework covers baseline assessment, initiative identification, instrument selection, and governance structures to improve economic well-being and climate outcomes through nature protection and restoration.

The report examines the G7 Climate Club, an intergovernmental forum aimed at achieving global net-zero emissions by mid-century. While acknowledging its goals, the author argues that the Club's structure—particularly its focus on rapid decarbonisation and potential trade restrictions—could undermine African development. Key concerns include the economic reliance of African nations on hydrocarbon exports, the high cost of transitioning to low-carbon industrial processes, and the risk of trade protectionism through mechanisms like the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). The report highlights a history of unfulfilled G7 financial pledges to Africa and recommends a co-design approach that prioritises technology transfer, climate justice, and financial support over strict carbon accounting and trade sanctions.

The document argues that while clean energy transitions can drive development and gender equality, they risk reinforcing existing inequalities without intentional policy design. It identifies significant financing gaps, particularly for adaptation in low-income regions, and implementation barriers such as high connection fees for rural households. The authors recommend that the G20 facilitate lesson-sharing on policy innovations, promote gender-responsive programs that empower women as producers rather than just consumers, and establish a permanent platform for evidence generation on inclusive green transitions.

Zambia has revised its monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) framework for its National Adaptation Plan (NAP) to improve coherence across national policies and ensure inclusive, sub-national engagement. The framework aims to provide evidence-based reporting, promote accountability, and integrate gender-responsive measures across nine priority sectors. Key efforts include aligning indicators with the 8th National Development Plan and Nationally Determined Contributions, and establishing a data flow process from ward and district levels up to national ministries.

Ember argues that Australia's coal mine methane emissions are significantly under-reported and that the current Safeguard Mechanism is insufficient to drive necessary reductions. The report recommends a 78% reduction in coal mine methane by 2030-2035, achieved through a combination of onsite mitigation and a phaseout of thermal coal mining. To support this, Ember urges the Climate Change Authority to implement a national methane action plan, establish a standalone methane reduction target in the next Nationally Determined Contribution, and overhaul the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (NGER) framework to replace generic emission factors with direct, site-specific measurements.

The document highlights that national budgets in developing and emerging economies are insufficient for deep emission reductions due to high debt distress. It asserts that developed countries must lead by providing finance, technology, and knowledge transfer under the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR). The paper introduces nine exploratory principles to scale ambition and facilitate just transitions, recommending a bottom-up approach to articulating finance needs rooted in national priorities and the development of shared goals for international climate finance.

The document argues that coastal and island countries in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) are highly vulnerable to climate risks like cyclones and sea-level rise, necessitating the use of ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA). While some progress exists, implementation is hindered by siloed governance, lack of capacity at local government levels, and insufficient finance. The brief recommends integrating specific EbA targets into 2025 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), aligning biodiversity and ocean policies, and utilizing a newly established regional community of practice to share best practices and mobilize resources.

The Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI) establishes a screening process for sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs) to ensure they drive genuine decarbonisation. Inclusion requires eligible debt instruments to be self-labelled as SLBs and provide public disclosure of sustainability performance targets (SPTs). CBI assesses these targets against 1.5°C-aligned sectoral pathways from CBI, the Transition Pathway Initiative (TPI), the Science Based Targets Initiative (SBTi), and CRREM. Bonds are categorized as 'Fully-aligned', 'Strongly-aligned', 'Aligning', or 'not-aligned' based on their adherence to these pathways and the presence of comprehensive transition plans. The methodology specifically mandates scope 3 emission targets for companies selling fossil fuel products and airports.

The Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI) establishes a methodology to track Sustainability Linked Bonds (SLBs) that support decarbonization. To be included, instruments must be certifiable debt, self-labeled as SLBs or similar, and provide sufficient disclosure of Sustainability Performance Targets (SPTs). CBI assesses these targets against 1.5°C-aligned industry pathways, categorizing bonds as 'Fully-aligned', 'Strongly-aligned', or 'Aligning' based on their consistency with these paths and the presence of comprehensive transition plans. The methodology emphasizes the inclusion of material emissions (Scopes 1, 2, and 3) and utilizes both CBI-specific and third-party pathways (e.g., TPI, SBTi, CRREM) to evaluate various sectors including cement, steel, and aviation.

The report argues that current NDCs and financial frameworks are insufficient to reach net-zero emissions, particularly in developing and emerging economies facing high debt. It proposes nine principles for international climate finance, emphasizing that developed countries must scale up support based on common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR). Key recommendations include adopting bottom-up, sector-specific finance needs, utilizing innovative mechanisms like debt-for-climate swaps, and aligning finance with national policy processes to avoid carbon lock-ins. The report highlights the importance of 'just transitions' and the synergy between mitigation, adaptation, and loss and damage funding.

The mid-term evaluation of the RECLIMA project in El Salvador finds that while the project is strategically aligned with national priorities and has seen high adoption of agroecological practices, implementation is behind schedule due to the COVID-19 pandemic and extreme weather events. The project has successfully reached 22,718 farm families through farmer field schools and restored 4,022 hectares of ecosystems, but progress toward mid-term targets remains below expectations. Key challenges include systemic vulnerabilities of target populations, procurement delays, and a lack of a formal greenhouse gas measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) system. The evaluation recommends a two-year project extension and improvements in institutional coordination and capacity building to ensure the desired paradigm shift toward climate-resilient agriculture.

The report examines how developing countries can use the results of their National Adaptation Plan (NAP) processes to create Adaptation Communications (AdComs) under the Paris Agreement. It analyzes trends in AdCom submissions, provides case studies of countries at different NAP stages, and offers lessons on consultation and strategic alignment to boost the visibility of adaptation needs and progress.

The report provides guidance and analysis on leveraging National Adaptation Plan (NAP) processes to develop Adaptation Communications (AdComs). It details flexible submission options, analyzes trends among developing countries—particularly regarding gender integration and climate finance—and shares lessons from the NAP Global Network's support of 22 partner countries to streamline reporting and enhance the visibility of national adaptation priorities.

The report provides guidance for developing countries to align their National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) with Adaptation Communications (AdComs) under the Paris Agreement. It analyzes trends among the 56 countries that have submitted AdComs, noting that most developing nations use either standalone documents or their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) as vehicles. The document outlines how countries at different stages of the NAP process—early stage, finalizing, or implementing—can use AdComs to consolidate information, advocate for support, or share lessons learned. It also highlights trends in gender integration, adaptation costing, and the use of case studies to demonstrate resilience.

The document advocates for the adoption of ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) to protect coastal communities in Southern Africa from climate risks such as cyclones and sea-level rise. It identifies key barriers to implementation, including policy silos, insufficient funding, and lack of community inclusion, and proposes the creation of a regional community of practice to share best practices among SADC member states.

The document argues that coastal and island nations in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) are highly vulnerable to climate risks, such as cyclones and sea-level rise, and should adopt ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) as a cost-effective alternative to traditional engineering. While some progress exists, implementation is hindered by fragmented governance, lack of technical capacity, insufficient funding, and the exclusion of local communities. The brief recommends integrating specific EbA targets into 2025 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), aligning cross-sectoral policies, and utilizing a newly established regional community of practice to share best practices and coordinate a regional EbA strategy.