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The document argues that the EU's territorial emission reductions mask a growing carbon footprint driven by the import of emissions-intensive goods. It identifies food, housing, and mobility as primary consumption hotspots and recommends binding EU-level targets, mandatory reporting for member states, and enhanced trade transparency to address these emissions.

The petition argues that the Upstream Petroleum Resources Development Bill (B13B – 2021) violates the South African Constitution and the One Environmental System (OES). It highlights the Bill's failure to provide adequate local economic development frameworks, its acceleration of fossil fuel extraction during a climate emergency, and its insufficient public participation and consultation processes. The petitioners urge the President to refer the Bill back to Parliament for redrafting to align with human rights and climate science.

The report finds that the aligned GSS+ debt market reached a cumulative volume of USD 4.4 trillion by the end of 2023. Green bonds remain the dominant theme, with 2023 aligned volume reaching USD 587.6 billion, while sustainability and social bonds saw year-on-year declines. Conversely, aligned SLB volume grew by 95% to USD 22.9 billion. Europe was the largest source of aligned GSS+ debt in 2023, while the USA experienced a 38% decline due to anti-ESG sentiment. The report also highlights the growth of 'blue-labelled' debt and the increasing role of sovereign issuers in the GSS+ market.

The authors argue that Canada requires $140 billion in annual investment to reach net zero, but attracting this private capital requires greater policy certainty. They propose three specific measures: establishing a green and transition taxonomy, providing confidence in the industrial carbon price through carbon contracts for difference, and developing a clean electricity grid as envisioned by the Clean Electricity Regulations to remain competitive against other jurisdictions and avoid carbon-related border adjustments.

The EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), effective October 2023, imposes carbon tariffs on imports to prevent carbon leakage and encourage global decarbonisation. The document argues that the CBAM will disproportionately harm African countries, particularly least-developed countries (LDCs), by reducing GDP and exports of key materials like aluminium, iron, and steel. It highlights concerns regarding the mechanism's equity, its potential conflict with WTO non-discrimination rules, and the EU's plan to use revenues for internal debt rather than supporting LDCs. The brief recommends that the AfCFTA negotiate for exemptions, a slower phase-in period, and the exclusion of indirect emissions, while urging the EU to increase climate finance and technology transfers to Africa.

The document outlines a detailed schedule of EU ETS and CBAM milestones from 2024 to 2034. Key developments include a shrinking emissions cap, the phase-out of free allowances for aviation, the gradual integration of shipping and municipal waste incineration, and the phased implementation of CBAM. It also details the rollout of the ETS for buildings and road transport (ETS2) and the associated Social Climate Fund, alongside various European Commission reviews of the ETS Directive and Market Stability Reserve.

The paper analyzes the financing gap in India's iron and steel sector, which is the country's largest industrial GHG emitter. It highlights a risk of carbon lock-in as 196 MTPA of fossil-based capacity is planned for 2021-2038. The authors propose a five-pillar framework—sectoral policies, enabling ecosystems, bankable business models, financing/derisking mechanisms, and financial sector regulations—to transition from fossil-intensive production to low-carbon technologies like green hydrogen-DRI. It details specific instruments such as Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCfD), blended debt funds, and Article 6 of the Paris Agreement to bridge the investment gap.

The document maps the governance landscape of the WTO regarding trade and the environment. It details the roles of various committees, the dispute settlement mechanism, and the Trade Policy Review Mechanism in monitoring and negotiating environmental measures. It also highlights three major member-led initiatives—TESSD, DPP, and FFSR—and the role of the WTO Secretariat in facilitating information exchange and technical assistance to support sustainable development and climate goals.

The author contends that recent farmer protests in Europe and India stem from systemic issues including unfair trade agreements, corporate price-gouging, and a subsidy system that favors large-scale industrial farming. The document criticizes the European Commission's decision to scrap pesticide targets and loosen environmental requirements, arguing that these 'U-turns' ignore the root causes of farmer distress. Instead, the author proposes a 'just transition' that includes a carbon border adjustment mechanism for agriculture, a rethink of the Mercosur trade deal, and a CAP that rewards environmental stewardship over land ownership.

In 2023, Türkiye became Europe's second-largest coal-fired electricity generator, producing a record 118 TWh, with coal's share of total generation rising to 36%. This trend was driven by imported coal, primarily from Russia, which accounted for 73% of imports and 22% of total electricity generation. While solar capacity grew to over 12 GW, wind installations hit a 13-year low of 411 MW. The report notes that Türkiye's trajectory diverges from the EU, where coal generation halved since 2016. Despite a 2053 net-zero target, the National Energy Plan still forecasts new coal and gas capacity by 2035, and the report argues that rooftop solar potential (120 GW) remains underutilised.

The report examines how developing countries can capture a fair share of financial benefits from critical minerals, highlighting risks such as price volatility, oversupply, and opaque markets. It suggests opportunities for these nations to increase state participation, develop downstream processing capabilities, and reform fiscal incentives to maximize economic gains from the energy transition.

The report analyzes the fiscal risks and opportunities for developing countries producing critical minerals essential for the energy transition. It highlights the potential for significant additional revenues—estimated up to USD 25 billion annually in taxes and royalties by 2040—while warning of risks such as price volatility, lack of transparency in markets like cobalt and lithium, and the potential for oversupply due to substitutes. The document argues that producer countries can increase their economic benefits by enhancing domestic processing (adding value), re-evaluating state participation, and reforming overly generous tax incentives. It also addresses the impact of alternative financing like 'metal streaming' and the potential costs associated with carbon pricing mechanisms such as the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism.

The report analyzes how developing countries can maximize financial gains from critical minerals during the energy transition. It identifies risks such as price volatility, opaque markets, and the impact of alternative financing like metal streaming. Opportunities include increasing state participation, developing downstream processing to add value, and reforming tax incentives. The document emphasizes that while significant additional revenues are possible—potentially between 98 billion and 259 billion USD annually by 2040—the window of opportunity is limited by potential oversupply and the development of substitute materials.

The report outlines a methodological framework for evaluating infrastructure in the Shymkent–Tashkent–Khujand economic corridor, comparing 'business-as-usual' scenarios with sustainable alternatives for transport and buildings. It proposes shifting from road-based freight to electrified rail and adopting green building standards to reduce CO2 emissions, lower operational costs, and improve health and employment outcomes. The assessment utilizes the SAVi methodology to integrate externalities, such as the social cost of carbon and health impacts, into a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis.

Russia's steel industry remains dominated by emissions-intensive coal-based blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) technology, which accounts for 60.9% of its 88,400 ttpa operating capacity. Despite pressures from the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and corporate sustainability reporting rules in the EU and US, Russian companies are refurbishing old blast furnaces and planning new ones rather than transitioning to low-emissions electric arc furnace (EAF) or hydrogen-based direct reduced iron (DRI) production. While Russia aims to produce 550 thousand tonnes of hydrogen per annum, it lacks domestic demand and faces challenges in DRI-EAF deployment due to the exit of key Western suppliers like Midrex, Danieli, and Primetals. The report suggests that redirecting investments from blast furnace relinings to hydrogen-based DRI could stimulate the domestic hydrogen market and align Russian steel with global decarbonization standards.

The report evaluates climate transition performance across 18 Asia-Pacific markets and four key sectors: automotive, tech-electronics, healthcare, and basic industries. It finds that while mitigation goals are increasingly integrated into corporate strategies, adaptation and physical risk management remain significantly neglected. Regional analysis highlights Australia and China as leaders in low-carbon transition, while noting that coal still dominates the APAC power mix. Sectoral findings indicate the auto industry is leading in product-level decarbonisation, whereas basic industries show modest progress. The report emphasizes a critical lack of standardised ESG data reporting across all sectors, which hinders accurate assessment of corporate progress.

The report analyzes the landscape of voluntary standards and initiatives for carbon management (VSICMs), categorizing them into four types: GHG inventories, carbon offsets, disclosure platforms, and carbon-neutrality certifications. It details the corporate carbon management cycle—from leadership decisions and inventorying to mitigation and offsetting—and identifies key drivers for adoption, including regulations, investment strategies, and consumer pressure. The document benchmarks 35 leading VSICMs and highlights challenges such as a lack of harmonization and the risk of greenwashing.

The Russian coal sector is facing a period of decline driven by Western sanctions, rising transport costs, and a shifting global market. While the sector initially buffered the impact of sanctions through peak prices in 2022–2023, 2024 has seen a significant drop in export profitability, with 50% of producers reporting losses in Q1. The report outlines three futures: a 'Developing Coal Sector' following a peace agreement, a 'Shift to the East' as a continuation of the current status quo, and a 'Declining Coal Sector' resulting from expanded conflict and further isolation. Regional impacts vary significantly, with Yakutia emerging as a growth center due to its proximity to Asia, while traditional Siberian hubs like Kuzbass and Khakassia face economic instability and social risk.

The report analyzes the current state of transatlantic industrial decarbonization policies, identifying a significant divergence between the EU's regulatory-led approach and the US's subsidy-driven model. It argues that while high-level negotiations on carbon pricing (such as GASSA) have stalled, there is substantial opportunity for cooperation through 'softer' market functions, including R&D, green public procurement, and the harmonization of technical standards. The document provides a detailed SWOT analysis of various policy instruments and technology-specific areas, recommending the creation of dedicated dialogue platforms and innovation hubs to foster a globally interoperable clean economy.

The report argues that while US and EU cooperation on carbon pricing and tariffs (such as GASSA and CBAM) has stalled due to diverging political visions, a 'softer' path to alignment is possible. This approach prioritizes cooperation on 'carrots' like R&D and green public procurement, and 'sticks' like the harmonization of carbon standards. The study recommends expanding collaboration beyond hydrogen and carbon capture to include circular economy practices and industrial electrification, utilizing platforms like the Trade and Technology Council (TTC) to avoid duplication and establish common technology standards.