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The report identifies the fossil fuel industry as the most litigious sector in the ISDS system, accounting for nearly 20% of all known cases. It highlights a significant lack of transparency, with 54% of concluded cases remaining confidential. Findings show that investors frequently win on the merits (72% of disclosed cases) and receive substantially higher awards than non-fossil fuel investors, averaging over USD 600 million. The analysis emphasizes the role of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and contract-based arbitrations, particularly in low-income countries. The report concludes that the ISDS system can create a 'regulatory chill,' deterring states from implementing urgent climate policies and phasing out fossil fuels to meet Paris Agreement objectives.

As of November 16, 2021, net zero target coverage reached 92% for emissions and 86% for population globally. However, the document highlights significant gaps in integrity, noting that a vast majority of country, regional, and city targets fail to specify the use of offsets, and only 32% of corporate targets cover all Scope 3 emissions. Conversely, there is growing corporate momentum, with the number of companies meeting 'minimum procedural standards' nearly doubling in the last year.

The research explores how climate impacts in countries of origin can cause subsequent impacts in the EU through international markets, migration, and capital flows. While the analysis finds significant uncertainty regarding the exact dynamics of these cross-border impacts, it identifies specific 'hotspots' of risk, such as regions producing materials for EU consumption or those holding EU financial investments. The paper emphasizes that the interaction between these domains creates complex risk exposure, complicating the development of effective policy responses.

The report finds that while 2021 TACs show slight improvement over 2020, the EU and UK missed the 2020 deadline to end overfishing. Over 40% of analyzed TACs for 2021 still exceeded scientific advice. The analysis reveals a persistent lack of ambition for stocks based on precautionary advice compared to MSY-based advice, and for bycatch stocks compared to target stocks. It also highlights systemic failures in transparency and the improper implementation of the landing obligation, which risks further overfishing.

The document analyzes the projected decline of coal-fired power in the EU by 2030, noting that while most member states are rapidly transitioning, Poland, Czechia, and Bulgaria will account for over 95% of the EU's planned coal electricity production by that year. It emphasizes that Germany's commitment to exit coal by 2030 isolates these three countries, whose combined coal reduction (42% from 2015 to 2030) lags significantly behind the 99% reduction seen in the other 27 EU nations.

The EU is rapidly phasing out coal, with planned electricity generation from coal expected to fall by 83% between 2015 and 2030. However, Poland, Czechia, and Bulgaria are transitioning much more slowly, and are projected to be responsible for over 95% of the EU's planned coal-generated electricity in 2030.

The report finds that while the EU is rapidly reducing coal power, with planned production falling by 83% between 2015 and 2030, three countries—Poland, the Czech Republic, and Bulgaria—will account for over 95% of the EU's planned coal electricity generation by 2030. Germany's commitment to exit coal by 2030 has further isolated these three nations, which are phasing out coal significantly slower than the rest of the EU-27.

The analysis of 404,375 tweets from 151 far-left and 75 far-right accounts reveals that both groups are primarily driven by oppositional narratives, where activity by one fringe inspires counter-mobilisation by the other. While the far right frequently engaged in hateful content targeting minorities and promoted conspiratorial views on COVID-19, the far left focused on social and economic justice, with only a small fraction of content meeting specific definitions of antisemitism. The report concludes that the far left does not pose a security threat equivalent to the far right and suggests that moderating far-right extremism could reduce overall counter-mobilisation.

The global pipeline of proposed coal power plants has collapsed by 76% since the 2015 Paris Agreement, with 1,175GW of projects cancelled. While China remains the largest pursuer of coal, hosting 55% of the remaining pre-construction pipeline, many OECD and non-OECD countries have already committed to or are positioned for 'no new coal'. The report highlights that action by six countries—China, India, Viet Nam, Indonesia, Turkey, and Bangladesh—could remove 82% of the remaining global pre-construction pipeline.

The study examines flood risk in Windsor, Ontario, by combining geospatial hazard data with socioeconomic indicators. It finds that while riverine flood risk is relatively evenly distributed across social groups, pluvial (surface) flood risk is significantly higher for Black households, Indigenous people, and other visible minorities. The authors argue that traditional risk assessments focusing only on physical exposure overlook these environmental injustices, and recommend that mitigation resources and communication strategies be targeted toward socioeconomically vulnerable communities to improve cost-effectiveness and equity.

The study uses geospatial and quantitative analysis in Windsor, Ontario, to demonstrate that combining flood hazard exposure with a neighbourhood deprivation index reveals 'hot spots' of risk that traditional physical assessments miss. It finds that marginalized and racialized populations, particularly Black households, are disproportionately exposed to pluvial (surface water) flooding, while no such significant disparity was found for fluvial (riverine) flooding. The authors argue that integrating socioeconomic vulnerability into risk management allows for more equitable allocation of resources and targeted social programs to reduce overall vulnerability.

A study of 2,742 conservative respondents found that short radio stories featuring conservative voices can shift perceptions of social norms regarding climate change. Seven of twelve stories significantly increased the belief that Republicans are worried about global warming. Specific narratives, such as those involving a teenager convincing a parent or a conservative leader advocating for free-market solutions, were particularly effective in increasing beliefs that global warming is human-caused and personally harmful.

The policy brief analyzes the gap between international guidelines, sectoral manuals, and the actual implementation of environmental studies for land infrastructure in the Legal Amazon. It finds that studies prioritize socio-economic and physical factors over the biotic environment, often fail to comply with their own terms of reference, and lack coordination between the EVTEA and EIA phases. The authors recommend making EVTEAs mandatory before EIAs, incorporating international standards into binding terms of reference, and establishing transparent approval criteria to reduce environmental risks and transaction costs.

The report analyzes 2019 emissions data for U.S. onshore oil and gas production, finding that emissions are highly concentrated among a small number of producers and basins. It highlights significant variance in emissions intensity across companies and identifies pneumatic controllers and fuel combustion equipment as primary sources of methane and CO2 emissions, respectively. The analysis also notes that official reported data likely underestimate actual emissions due to the omission of high-emitting abnormal process conditions and facilities below reporting thresholds.

The study finds that while inclusive power-sharing arrangements positively affect the proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments, they do not statistically increase women's empowerment in civil society, including their political participation, civil liberties, and civil society engagement. Using a country-year fixed effects model for 180 countries, the author argues that such institutions often provide an 'illusion of inclusion' by focusing on elite-level representation while failing to address grassroots gender inequalities.

The report assesses the impact of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on African infrastructure, economic growth, trade, and debt sustainability. While finding that Chinese investment helps close the infrastructure gap and can boost GDP, the authors note risks including debt distress in specific countries, environmental degradation, and the crowding out of local manufacturing by Chinese imports. Case studies in Kenya, Ethiopia, and Nigeria demonstrate positive outcomes in transport and energy, though the failure of Nigeria's NIGCOM satellite highlights risks of using the continent as a testing ground. The report concludes that benefits generally outweigh costs, provided African nations improve project management and negotiate more symmetrical trade and loan terms.

A small number of countries, primarily Turkey, Ukraine, and those in the Western Balkans, are responsible for the majority of coal power air pollution in Europe. Ukraine dominates PM10 emissions, while Turkey leads in NOx pollution. The report highlights that most of the most polluting plants are over 30 years old, though Turkey is an exception with some young plants among the top polluters. Many Energy Community countries failed to meet 2019 emission ceilings, and the report argues that subsidies and rehabilitation costs should instead be redirected toward the region's significant renewable energy potential.

The report estimates that Brazil could significantly increase agricultural output without further deforestation by investing in farm equipment and operational costs, noting substantial regional variation in these requirements.

The report finds that while post-issuance UoP reporting is widespread, impact reporting is less common and highly unstandardised. It highlights a positive correlation between reporting availability and the presence of external reviews, particularly post-issuance reviews. The analysis reveals that larger issuers and more mature markets generally report more frequently, though average quality scores remain relatively constant across deal sizes. The document argues for a shift toward a common global reporting framework and the use of absolute rather than relative metrics to provide a holistic view of environmental performance.

The report analyses a network of 40 geolocated Australian Gab accounts, finding that the platform serves as a hub for antisemitism, white supremacy, and COVID-19 disinformation. Activity spiked between June and August 2020, coinciding with global Black Lives Matter protests and Melbourne lockdowns. A small number of highly active accounts drove the majority of content, often promoting conspiracy theories about a 'Marxist' infiltration of Western institutions and calling for white separatism or violence.