EU Climate Change Risk

The research explores how climate impacts in countries of origin can cause subsequent impacts in the EU through international markets, migration, and capital flows. While the analysis finds significant uncertainty regarding the exact dynamics of these cross-border impacts, it identifies specific 'hotspots' of risk, such as regions producing materials for EU consumption or those holding EU financial investments. The paper emphasizes that the interaction between these domains creates complex risk exposure, complicating the development of effective policy responses.

• The research identifies three primary domains through which climate impacts are transmitted from other regions to the EU: trade via international markets, human security involving migration and humanitarian concerns, and finance regarding public and private capital flows.
• Due to uncertainties in the current research on cross-border impact dynamics, it is currently impossible to determine if the EU is more secure or vulnerable than other regions. However, risk is expected to concentrate in 'hotspots', including North America (financial investments), the Middle East and North Africa region (EU external action), and areas producing materials for EU consumption, such as Latin American soybean production.
• The interaction between trade, human security, and finance domains creates complex impact and response pathways, as illustrated by a historical drought event affecting soybean production in Argentina, which complicates the creation of policy responses.

APA

Stockholm Environment Institute (2021). EU Climate Change Risk. https://www.sei.org/publications/eu-climate-change-risk/

Chicago

Stockholm Environment Institute. EU Climate Change Risk. 2021. https://www.sei.org/publications/eu-climate-change-risk/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Stockholm Environment Institute |title=EU Climate Change Risk |date=23 November 2021 |url=https://www.sei.org/publications/eu-climate-change-risk/ |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{stockholmenvironmentinstitute2021climate, author = {{Stockholm Environment Institute}}, title = {{EU Climate Change Risk}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2021}, month = nov, url = {https://www.sei.org/publications/eu-climate-change-risk/}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }